Hankali na wucin gadi
Kirkirarrar Basira ( AI ) shine basirar injuna ko software, sabanin basirar ɗan adam ko dabbobi. Aikace-aikacen AI sun haɗa da injunan binciken yanar gizo wadanda suka ci gaba sosai (misali, Google Search ), tsarin ba da shawarwari (amfani da YouTube, Amazon, da Netflix ), fahimtar maganganun ɗan adam (kamar Siri da Alexa ), motoci masu tuƙa kansu (misali, Waymo ), kayan aikin ƙirƙira ko samarwa ( ChatGPT da AI art ), da fafatawa a matakin mafi girma a cikin wasannin dabarun (kamar chess da Go ). [1]
An kafa ilimin Kirkirara Basira a matsayin bangare na ilimi a cikin shekara ta1956. [1] Bangaren ya bi ta hanyoyi da yawa na kyakkyawan fata [2] [3] wanda ya biyo bayan rashin jin daɗi da asarar kudade, [4] [5] amma bayan 2012, lokacin da zurfin ilmantarwa ya zarce duk dabarun AI na baya, [6] an sami karuwa mai yawa kudade da sha'awa.
Kanannan bangarori na bincike akan AI daban-daban akalar su tana akan manufa ta musamman da kuma amfani da kayan aiki na musamman. Tsuffin Manufofin bincike na AI sun haɗa da tunani, wakilcin ilimi, tsarawa, koyo, sarrafa harshe na halitta, fahimta, da kuma goyan bayan injiniyoyin mutum-mutumi . [lower-alpha 1] Basira ta bai daya (ikon magance matsala ta sabani) yana daga cikin dogon buri na bangare. [7] Don magance waɗannan matsalolin, masu bincike na AI sun daidaita kuma sun haɗa nau'o'in fasaha na warware matsalolin, ciki har da bincike da haɓaka ilimin lissafi, ma'ana na yau da kullum, hanyoyin sadarwa na wucin gadi, sannan da kuma hanyoyin da suka danganci ƙididdiga, yiwuwar, da tattalin arziki . [lower-alpha 2] AI kuma ya zana kan ilimin halin ɗan adam, ilimin harshe, falsafar, neuroscience da sauran fannoni masu yawa.
- ↑ Dartmouth workshop:
- ↑ Successful programs the 60s:
- ↑ Funding initiatives in the early 80s: Fifth Generation Project (Japan), Alvey (UK), Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation (US), Strategic Computing Initiative (US):
- ↑ First AI Winter, Lighthill report, Mansfield Amendment
- ↑ Second AI Winter:
- ↑ Deep learning revolution, AlexNet:
- ↑ Artificial general intelligence:
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