Gajeren labari
 Gajeren labari | |
|---|---|
literary form (en)  da literary genre (en) | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
prose (en) , work of fiction (en) da narration (en) |
| Karatun ta |
literary studies (en) |
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Takaitaccen labari wani yanki ne na labari almara, wanda galibi ana iya karantawa a zama a daya kuma yana mai da hankali kan wani lamari mai cike da kai ko jerin abubuwan da ke da alaka, da niyyar haifar da tasiri ko yanayi daya. Takaitaccen labari na daya daga cikin tsofaffin nau'ikan adabi kuma ya wanzu ta hanyar tatsuniyoyi da labarai na almara a cikin tsoffin al'ummomi daban-daban na duniya. Gajeren labari na zamani ya samo asali ne a farkon karni na 19.[ana buƙatar hujja]
Ma'anarsa
gyara sasheGajeren labari wani tsari ne da aka yi shi da kansa. Gajerun labarai suna amfani da kira, resonance, da sauran abubuwa masu karfi kamar a cikin labari, amma yawanci zuwa karami. Yayin da gajeren labarin ya bambanta da novel ko novella/gajeren labari, mawallafa gabaɗaya sun zana daga tarin dabarun adabi.[ana buƙatar hujja] gajeriyar labari wani lokaci ana kiranta da nau'in nau'i. [1]
Kayyade ainihin abin da ke bayyana dan gajeren labari ya kasance yana da matsala akai-akai. Babban ma'anar dan gajeren labari shine mutum zai iya karanta shi a zama daya, batun da aka fi sani da Edgar Allan Poe 's makalar "The Philosophy of Composition" (1846). HG Wells ya bayyana makasudin dan gajeren labarin a matsayin "Farin fasaha, na yin wani abu mai haske da motsi; yana iya zama mai ban tsoro ko ban tausayi ko ban dariya ko kuma mai haske mai zurfi, yana da wannan mahimmanci kawai, wanda ya kamata ya dauki daga minti goma sha biyar zuwa hamsin zuwa minti 50. karanta a bayyane." A cewar William Faulkner, ɗan gajeren labari ne ke tafiyar da halayensa kuma aikin marubuci shine ya "tare da shi tare da takarda da fensir yana kokarin kiyaye tsayin daka don ajiye abin da yake fada da aikatawa.”[2]
Wasu marubutan sun yi ikirarin cewa dan gajeren labari dole ne ya kasance da tsayayyen tsari. Somerset Maugham ya yi tunanin cewa ɗan gajeren labari "dole ne ya kasance yana da kayyadaddun tsari, wanda ya hada da batu na tashi, matsayi da kuma gwajin gwaji; a wasu kalmomi, dole ne ya kasance yana da makirci". Hugh Walpole yana da irin wannan ra'ayi: "Labari ya kamata ya zama labari; rikodin abubuwan da ke faruwa cike da abubuwan da suka faru, motsi mai sauri, ci gaba da ba zato ba tsammani, yana haifar da rashin tabbas zuwa ga koli da kuma gamsuwa."[3]
Wannan ra'ayi na dan gajeren labari a matsayin kayyadaddun samfurin fasaha duk da haka yana adawa da Anton Chekov, wanda ya yi tunanin cewa labari bai kamata ya kasance farkon ko karshe ba. Ya kamata kawai ya zama "yanki na rayuwa", wanda aka gabatar da shi a hankali. A cikin labarunsa, Chekov ba ya rufe karshen amma ya bar shi ga masu karatu don yanke shawarar kansu.[4]
Sukumar Azhikode ya ayyana dan gajeren labari a matsayin "takaitaccen labari mai zurfi tare da tasiri mai zurfi ko barna". Flannery O'Connor ya jaddada bukatar yin la'akari da abin da ake nufi da gajeriyar bayanin. [1] Marubutan gajerun labarai na iya ayyana ayyukansu a matsayin wani bangare na zane-zane da kebabben bayanin sigar. Hakanan suna iya kokarin yin tsayayya da rarrabuwa ta nau'i da kayyadaddun samuwar.
William Boyd, marubucin dan Burtaniya kuma marubucin gajeren labari ya ce:
[gajerun labarai] da alama suna amsa wani abu mai zurfi a cikin yanayinmu kamar dai, tsawon lokacin da ake ba da labarinsa, an halicci wani abu na musamman, an fitar da wani jigon kwarewarmu, an yi wasu ma'ana na wucin gadi na tafiya ta yau da kullun, tashin hankali zuwa ga kabari da mantuwa.
A cikin 1880s, kalmar "gajeren labari" ya sami ma'anarsa ta zamani tun da farko yana magana akan tatsuniyoyi na yara. [5] A farkon zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20, dan gajeren labarin ya yi gwaji mai zurfi wanda ya kara hana kokarin samar da ma'ana gaba daya. Dogayen labarun da ba za a iya kiran su litattafai ba a wasu lokuta ana daukar su "novellas" ko novelettes kuma, kamar gajerun labarai, ana iya tattara su cikin mafi kyawun nau'in "tarin" na labarun da ba a buga ko buga su ba, amma a wani wuri.[ana buƙatar hujja] marubutan da ba su da lokaci ko kudi don rubuta labari ko labari suna yanke shawarar rubuta gajerun labarai maimakon, suna yin yarjejeniya da shahararren gidan yanar gizo ko mujallu don buga su don riba.[ana buƙatar hujja] duniya, gajeren labari na zamani yana kama da wakoki, wasan kwaikwayo, litattafai da kasidu kodayake nazarinsa a matsayin babban nau'in adabi ya ragu.[1]
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Mitchell 2019.
- ↑ Azhikode, Sukumar (1977). "The Short Story in Malayalam". Indian Literature. 20 (2): 5–22. ISSN 0019-5804. JSTOR 24157289.
- ↑ Poe, Edgar Allan (1984). Edgar Allan Poe: Essays and Reviews. Library of America. pp. 569–77.
- ↑ Fatma, Gulnaz A Short History of the Short Story: Western and Asian Traditions Modern History Press 2012, p.2-3
- ↑ Hayes 2012.