Dakaka harshe

Dakaka harshe
Dangin harshen	Austronesian (en) ; Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Eastern Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Oceanic (en) ; Central–Eastern Oceanic (en) ; Southern Oceanic (en) ; North and Central Vanuatu (en) ; Dakaka harshe; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	bpa
Glottolog	daka1243

Dakaka [ndaːkaka] (wanda aka fi sani da Dakaka, Kudancin Ambrym da Baiap) yare ne na Ambrym, Vanuatu. Kimanin masu magana dubu ɗaya ne ke magana da shi a kusurwar kudu maso yammacin tsibirin.

Rayuwa

Y^[2] yara a yankin har yanzu suna samun Dakaka a matsayin yare na farko, amma yana cikin barazana ta hanyar manyan canje-canje na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da kuma amfani da harsunan hukuma na Vanuatu, Bislama, Turanci da Faransanci, a ilimi da kuma a cikin mahallin hukuma.

Fasahar sauti

The system of consonantal phonemes is fairly typical for the region. Voiced stops are prenasalized. The difference between bilabial consonants with and without a labio-velar release is relevant only before front vowels.

		Labio-velar	Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal		mʷ	Samfuri:IPA link	Samfuri:IPA link		Samfuri:IPA link
Stop	voiceless	pʷ	Samfuri:IPA link	Samfuri:IPA link		Samfuri:IPA link
Stop	prenasalized	ᵐbʷ	ᵐb	ⁿd		ᵑɡ
Fricative			Samfuri:IPA link	Samfuri:IPA link
Trill				Samfuri:IPA link
Approximant		Samfuri:IPA link			Samfuri:IPA link

Vowels

There are seven phonemically distinct vowel qualities, with one long and one short vowel phoneme for each variety, plus a marginally phonemic Samfuri:Schwa [ə]. The distinction between mid and open-mid vowels is only phonemic after alveolar consonants, as in tee [tɛː] "axe" vs. téé [teː] "see".

	A gaba	Tsakiya	Komawa
Kusa	i, iː		u, uː
Tsakanin	e, eː	(ə)	o, oː
Bude-tsakiya	ɛ, ɛː		ɔ, ɔː
Bude		a, aː

Darussan kalmomi

Manyan kalmomi guda huɗu sune sunaye, aikatau, adjectives da adverbs. Ana i amfani da kalmomi kawai a matsayin jayayya, kawai za'a iya amfani da aikatau da wasu adjectives a matsayin maganganu ba tare da copula i ba, kawai za a iya amfani da adjectives azaman halayen sunaye ba tare da ƙarin gyare-gyare ba. Abubuwa biyu mafi girma da suka fi girma sune sunaye da aikatau.

Sunaye

Akwai nau'o'i uku na sunaye. Ba rukuni ya ƙunshi 'sunayen janar' kamar su em "gida" ko myaop "dutse"; ya bambanta da sauran nau'o'i biyu, waɗannan sunayen ba sa buƙatar ƙayyade mai mallaka, ba za a iya juyawa su ba kuma ba za a bi su kai tsaye da wani kalma ba. 'Sunayen da aka karkatar' koyaushe suna nuna mai su ta hanyar ƙididdigar mutum: Sunayen da ba su da alaƙa ko kuma suna ƙayyade mai mallakar da ba za a iya cirewa ba, amma wannan mai mallakar an ba shi ta hanyar kalma mai zuwa, ba ta hanyar ƙarshen juyawa ba. Sanannun, tabbatacce, waɗanda ba mutane ba za a iya nuna su ta hanyar -sye ko allomorph -tye:

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Dakaka harshe". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ Unless indicated otherwise, all information comes from von Prince (2012).

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Dakaka harshe". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[prince-2] Unless indicated otherwise, all information comes from von Prince (2012).

[1]

[2]

Dakaka harshe
Dangin harshen	Austronesian ^(en) Malayo-Polynesian ^(en) Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian ^(en) Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian ^(en) Eastern Malayo-Polynesian ^(en) Oceanic ^(en) Central–Eastern Oceanic ^(en) Southern Oceanic ^(en) North and Central Vanuatu ^(en) Dakaka harshe
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	`bpa`
Glottolog	`daka1243`^[1]