Cizon maciji
Cizon maciji rauni ne da saran maciji ke yi, musamman macijin dafi.[1] Alamar gama gari ta cizo daga maciji mai dafin ita ce kasancewar raunukan huda biyu daga huda dabbar.[2] Wani lokaci allurar dafin daga cizon na iya faruwa.[3] Wannan na iya haifar da ja, kumburi, da zafi mai tsanani a wurin, wanda zai iya ɗaukar sa'a guda kafin ya bayyana.[2][4] Ana iya haifar da amai, duhun gani, ɗigon gaɓoɓi, da gumi.[2][4] Yawancin cizo suna kan hannu, hannaye, ko ƙafafu.[4][5] Tsoron bin cizo ya zama ruwan dare tare da alamun bugun zuciya da jin suma.[4] Dafin na iya haifar da zub da jini, gazawar koda, mummunan rashin lafiyar jiki, mutuwar nama a kusa da cizon, ko matsalolin numfashi.[2][3] Cizon cizon na iya haifar da asarar gaɓoɓi ko wasu matsaloli na yau da kullun.[3] Sakamakon ya dogara ne da nau'in maciji, wurin da ake saran jikinsa, yawan dafin da aka yi masa, da kuma lafiyar mutumin da aka cije.[6] Matsalolin sun fi girma a cikin yara fiye da manya, saboda ƙananan girman su.[3][7][8]
| Cizon maciji | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
Description (en)  | |
| Iri |
animal bite (en) , rare intoxication (en) envenomation (en) |
| Specialty (en) |
emergency medicine (en) |
| Sanadi |
animal attack (en) |
| Identifier (en) | |
| ICD-10-CM | T63.0 |
| ICD-10 | T63.0 |
| ICD-9 | 989.5 |
| DiseasesDB | 29733 |
| MedlinePlus | 000031 |
| eMedicine | 000031 |
| MeSH | D012909 |
Cizon maciji, duka a matsayin hanyar farauta, da kuma hanyar kariya.[9] Abubuwan haɗari ga cizo sun haɗa da yin aiki a waje da hannun mutum kamar aikin gona, gandun daji, da gini.[2][3] Macizai da suka fi shiga cikin guba sun haɗa da elapids (irin su kraits, cobras da mambas), vipers, da macijin teku.[10] Yawancin nau'in macizai ba su da dafin kuma suna kashe abin da suka gani ta hanyar matse su.[4] Ana iya samun macizai masu dafi a kowace nahiya ban da Antarctica.[9] Ƙayyade nau'in maciji da ya sa cizon sau da yawa ba zai yiwu ba.[10] Hukumar lafiya ta duniya ta ce saran macizai “batun kula da lafiyar jama’a ne da aka yi watsi da su a yawancin kasashe masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi”.[8]
Rigakafin saran maciji na iya haɗawa da sanya takalman kariya, guje wa wuraren da macizai ke zaune, da rashin kula da macizai.[2] Jiyya wani bangare ya dogara da nau'in maciji.[2] Ana ba da shawarar wanke rauni da sabulu da ruwa da kuma riƙe gaɓa.[2][10] Ƙoƙarin tsotse dafin, yanke rauni da wuka, ko yin amfani da yawon shakatawa ba a ba da shawarar ba.[2] Antivenom yana da tasiri wajen hana mutuwa daga cizo; duk da haka, maganin rigakafi akai-akai yana da illa.[3][11] Nau'in maganin da ake buƙata ya dogara da nau'in maciji.[10] Lokacin da ba a san nau'in maciji ba, yawanci ana ba da maganin rigakafi bisa nau'ikan da aka sani a yankin.[10] A wasu yankuna na duniya samun nau'in rigakafin da ya dace yana da wahala kuma wannan wani bangare yana ba da gudummawa ga dalilin da yasa wasu lokuta basa aiki.[3] Wani ƙarin batu shine farashin waɗannan magunguna.[3] Antivenom yana da ɗan tasiri akan yankin da ke kusa da cizon kansa.[10] Tallafawa numfashin mutum wani lokaci ma ana buƙata.[10]
Adadin dafin maciji da ke faruwa a kowace shekara na iya kaiwa miliyan biyar.[3] Suna haifar da guba kusan miliyan 2.5 da kuma mutuwar 20,000 zuwa 125,000.[3][9] Yawan cizo da tsananin cizon ya bambanta sosai tsakanin sassa daban-daban na duniya.[9] Suna faruwa galibi a Afirka, Asiya, da Latin Amurka,[3] tare da yankunan karkara da abin ya shafa.[3][8] Mutuwa ba kasafai ba ne a Ostiraliya, Turai da Arewacin Amurka.[9][11][12] Alal misali, a Amurka, kimanin mutane dubu bakwai zuwa takwas a kowace shekara macizai suna saran su (kusan daya cikin mutane dubu 40) kuma kusan mutane biyar ne ke mutuwa (kusan mutuwar daya a cikin mutane miliyan 65).[2]
Manazarta gyara sashe
- ↑ "Definition of Snakebite". www.merriam-webster.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 17 June 2019.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 "Venomous Snakes". U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 24 February 2012. Archived from the original on 29 April 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 "Animal bites: Fact sheet N°373". World Health Organization. February 2015. Archived from the original on 4 May 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Gold, Barry S.; Richard C. Dart; Robert A. Barish (1 April 2002). "Bites of venomous snakes". The New England Journal of Medicine. 347 (5): 347–56. doi:10.1056/NEJMra013477. PMID 12151473.
- ↑ Daley, BJ; Torres, J (June 2014). "Venomous snakebites". JEMS : A Journal of Emergency Medical Services. 39 (6): 58–62. PMID 25109149.
- ↑ Marx, John A. (2010). Rosen's emergency medicine : concepts and clinical practice (7 ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby/Elsevier. p. 746. ISBN 9780323054720. Archived from the original on 21 May 2015.
- ↑ Peden, M. M. (2008). World Report on Child Injury Prevention (in Turanci). World Health Organization. p. 128. ISBN 9789241563574. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Snake antivenoms: Fact sheet N°337". World Health Organization. February 2015. Archived from the original on 18 April 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Kasturiratne, A.; Wickremasinghe, A. R.; de Silva, N; Gunawardena, NK; Pathmeswaran, A; Premaratna, R; Savioli, L; Lalloo, DG; de Silva, HJ (4 November 2008). "The global burden of snakebite: a literature analysis and modelling based on regional estimates of envenoming and deaths". PLOS Medicine. 5 (11): e218. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050218. PMC 2577696. PMID 18986210.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 "Neglected tropical diseases: Snakebite". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 30 September 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Gutiérrez, José María; Bruno Lomonte; Guillermo León; Alexandra Rucavado; Fernando Chaves; Yamileth Angulo (2007). "Trends in Snakebite Envenomation Therapy: Scientific, Technological and Public Health Considerations". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 13 (28): 2935–50. doi:10.2174/138161207782023784. PMID 17979738.
- ↑ Chippaux, J. P. (1998). "Snake-bites: appraisal of the global situation". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 76 (5): 515–24. PMC 2305789. PMID 9868843.