Ciwon nono
Ciwon nono shine alamar rashin jin daɗi a cikin ƙirjin ɗaya ko duka biyun.[1] Ciwo a cikin ƙirjin biyu sau da yawa ana kwatanta su azaman taushin nono, yawanci ana danganta shi da lokacin haila amma ba mai tsanani bane.[2] [3] Ciwon da ya shafi sashe ɗaya kawai na nonon ya fi damuwa, [2] musamman idan ya zamana yayi tauri ko kuma yana zubar da ruwa [3]
 Ciwon nono | |
|---|---|
symptom or sign (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
pain (en) |
| ICPC 2 ID (en) | X18 |
| NCI Thesaurus ID (en) | C78223 |
Dalilai na iya kasancewa suna da alaƙa da yanayin haila, maganin hana haihuwa, maganin hormone, ko magungunan tabin hankali. [4] Har ila yau, zafi na iya faruwa a cikin waɗanda ke da manyan nono, a lokacin da haihuwa tazo karshe, da kuma a farkon ciki. [4][5] A cikin kusan kashi 2% na lokuta ciwon nono yana da alaƙa da ciwon daji na nono.[6] Bincike ya haɗa da dubawa tare da hoton likita idan ya kasance wani yanki na nononne kawai yana ciwo. [4]
A cikin fiye da 75% na mutane ciwon yana warwarewa ba tare da wani takamaiman magani ba.[7] In ba haka ba magunguna na iya haɗawa da paracetamol ko NSAIDs. [7] Rigar mama mai kyau zata iya taimakawa.[8] A cikin masu fama da ciwo mai tsanani ana iya amfani da tamoxifen ko danazol.[7] Kimanin kashi 70% na mata suna fama da ciwon nono a wani lokaci.[9] Ciwon nono yana daya daga cikin alamun nono da aka fi sani, tare da yawan nono da fitar nono. [7]
Dalilai gyara sashe
Ciwon nono na zagayawa sau da yawa yana haɗuwa da fibrocystic nono canje-canje ko duct ectasia kuma ana tunanin zai haifar da canje-canje na amsawar prolactin zuwa thyrotropin. [10] [11] Wani nau'i na taushin nono na cyclical na al'ada ne a cikin al'ada, kuma yawanci ana danganta shi da ciwon haila da/ko ciwon premenstrual (PMS).
Ciwon nonon da ba na cyclical yana da dalilai daban-daban kuma yana da wuyar ganewa kuma akai-akai tushen dalilin yana wajen nono. Wasu nau'ikan taushin nono waɗanda ba na cyclical ba na iya kasancewa a al'ada saboda canjin hormonal a cikin balaga (duka a cikin 'yan mata da maza), a cikin menopause da lokacin daukar ciki. Bayan ciki, ciwon nono zai iya haifar da shayarwa. Sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon nono ba tare da cyclical sun hada da shan barasa tare da lalacewar hanta (watakila saboda rashin lafiyar steroid metabolism), mastitis da magunguna irin su digitalis, methyldopa (antihypertensive), spironolactone, wasu diuretics, oxymetholone (mai steroid anabolic ), da chlorpromazine (na hali antipsychotic). Hakanan, shingles na iya haifar da kurji mai raɗaɗi a kan fatar ƙirjin.
Manazarta gyara sashe
- ↑ Salzman, B; Fleegle, S; Tully, AS (15 August 2012). "Common breast problems". American Family Physician. 86 (4): 343–9. PMID 22963023
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Iddon, J; Dixon, JM (13 December 2013). "Mastalgia". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 347: f3288. doi:10.1136/bmj.f3288. PMID 24336097. S2CID 220173019
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Breast pain". nhs.uk. 17 October 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2022
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Mazza, Danielle (2011). Women's Health in General Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 189. ISBN 978-0729578714
- ↑ Dogliotti, L; Faggiuolo, R; Ferusso, A; Orlandi, F; Sandrucci, S; Tibo, A; Angeli, A (1985). "Prolactin and thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in premenopausal women with fibrocystic disease of the breast". Hormone Research. 21 (3): 137–44.
- ↑ Dogliotti, L; Orlandi, F; Angeli, A (1989). "The endocrine basis of benign breast disorders". World Journal of Surgery. 13 (6): 674–9. doi:10.1007/BF01658413. PMID 2696218. S2CID 7420761
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain:
- ↑ , [Electronic book] Section I Guidelines, Chapter Thirteen: Gynecologic Guidelines-Breast Pain
- ↑ Brown, Ken. "Breast Pain Causes and Diagnosis: Johns Hopkins Breast Center". Retrieved 14 August 2017.
- ↑ This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain:
- ↑ Walker, Marsha (2011). Breastfeeding management for the clinician: using the evidence. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. p. 533. ISBN 9780763766511.