Carl Sylvius Völkner
Carl Sylvius Völknerde</link> ; c. 1819 - 2 Maris 1865) ɗan mishan ɗan Furotesta ne haifaffen Jamus mai aiki a Tsibirin Arewa na New Zealand a tsakiyar ƙarni na sha tara. Ya shahara da tuhumarsa da kashe shi saboda leken asiri da membobin Pai Mārire suka yi a cocinsa da ke Pōtiki, a cikin Bay of Plenty . Wannan daga baya ya zama sananne da lamarin Völkner, wani muhimmin lamari a Yaƙin New Zealand .
 Carl Sylvius Völkner | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Kassel (en)  , 1819 |
| ƙasa | Sabuwar Zelandiya |
| Mutuwa |
Ōpōtiki (en) , 2 ga Maris, 1865 |
| Yanayin mutuwa | kisan kai |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
missionary (en) |
| Imani | |
| Addini |
Anglicanism (en) |
Tarihin rayuwa
gyara sasheAn haifi Völkner a garin Kassel, a cikin Electorate na Hesse, Jamus, a kusa da 1819. Ya horar da shi a kwalejin mishan a Hamburg . Daga nan ne kungiyar mishan ta Arewacin Jamus ta tura shi zuwa New Zealand, tare da wasu mishaneri da yawa. Ya isa kasar a watan Agustan shekarar 1849 kuma an tura shi zuwa Taranaki, don yin aiki tare da wani mishan na Jamus, Johann Riemenschneider .
A shekara ta 1852 Völkner ya ba da hidimarsa ga Church Missionary Society (CMS). Ya auri Emma Lanfear, 'yar'uwar wani mishan na CMS a ranar 29 ga Yuni 1854. Shekaru da yawa ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a cikin ƙananan Waikato kuma a cikin 1857 ya zama ɗan ƙasa. An naɗa Völkner a matsayin mai hidima a shekarar 1860 kuma a shekara mai zuwa, a watan Agusta, ya zama firist kuma ya ɗauki nauyin tashar mishan ta CMS a Ōpōtiki . iwi (ƙabilar) ta yankin ita ce Te Whakatōhea kuma nan da nan an gina coci da makaranta a yankin.[1]
Mutuwa
gyara sasheA ranar 19 ga Mayu 1864 Völkner ya rubuta cewa hudu daga cikin malaman Kirista 16 na gundumar Ōpōtiki sun bi wani kamfen na Pai Mārire (Hauhau) zuwa Maketu, kodayake ba a matsayin masu shiga cikin fada ba.[2] Ya tafi Auckland a lokacin 1864 kuma a watan Janairun 1865. Daga nan sai mambobin Te Whakatōhea suka gargadi shi kada ya koma Ōpōtiki.
Ba tare da la'akari da gargadi ba, Völkner ya koma Ōpōtiki a ranar 1 ga Maris 1865 kuma Pai Mārire ne ya kama shi karkashin jagorancin Patara, shugaba, da Kereopa Te Rau, annabin Pai Mārire.[3] An rataye Völkner washegari daga itacen willow kusa da cocin ta ikilisiyarsa ta Whakatōhea. [1] [4] An saukar da shi kuma an yanke kansa, kuma Kereopa Te Rau ya cire idanunsa kuma ya haɗiye shi. Kereopa a bayyane ya yi shelar cewa idon hagu yana wakiltar majalisar, kuma hannun dama yana wakiltar ikon Burtaniya yayin da yake yin hakan, don cinye mana na duka biyun.[5] Revd Thomas Grace, wanda shi ma yake a cikin Ōpōtiki, Pai Mārire ne ya ɗauke shi, kodayake an cece shi.[3]
George Grey ya yi fushi bayan ya ji labarin kisan. Ya kuma yi shelar masu aikata laifin "masu tsattsauran ra'ayi" kuma a watan Satumbar 1965 ya ayyana dokar soja a Bay of Plenty, ya umarci mazauna Ōpōtiki da su taimaka wa sojojin gwamnati ko kuma su fuskanci kwace ƙasar.[5] Da zarar mutanen Grey sun yi nasara a Ōpōtiki, sun bude wuta ba tare da nuna bambanci ba a kan mazauna yankin, suna tilasta musu su koma cikin gandun daji da ke kusa. Maimakon bin su, sojojin Crown sun kwace pā, kafin su ƙone shi zuwa ƙasa. Mokomoko, ba tare da sanin cewa shi ne babban wanda ake zargi da shirya mutuwar Völkner ba, ya mika wuya a Ōpōtiki a kan yanayin cewa ba za a hukunta Te Whakatōhea ba. Maimakon haka, an kama shi da wasu mutane hudu saboda kisan kai kuma an yi musu shari'a a Auckland. An yi la'akari da igiyar da aka yi amfani da ita don rataye Völkner an yi la'adi mai isasshen shaida ga maza biyar da za a yanke musu hukuncin kisa. An kashe Mokomoko da sauran maza a gidan yarin Dutsen Eden a ranar 17 ga Mayu 1866. An mayar da gawarsa zuwa Whakatōhea a shekarar 1988, bayan shekaru 7 na sauraron Kotun Waitangi; an ba shi gafara ba tare da wani sharadi ba a shekarar 1992.
Kereopa Te Rau, wanda ya ci idanun Völkner, ya gudu zuwa Ƙasar Tūhoe bayan Grey ya aika da sojoji zuwa Bay of Plenty. Ya zauna a asirce a ƙauyen Ruatahuna na tsawon shekaru biyar. Bayan faduwar jihar Tūhoe a 1871, kūpapa Ropata Wahawaha ya kama shi yayin da yake neman Te Koori a cikin Ureweras . An yi wa Kereopa shari'a saboda kisan Volkner a Napier a ranar 21 ga watan Disamba, kuma juriya ta yanke shawarar makomarsa a wannan rana. An kashe shi a ranar 5 ga watan Janairun 1872, duk da roƙon gafara. An gafarta wa Kereopa ba tare da wani sharadi ba a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014.[6]
Kyauta
gyara sashe
Cocin Anglican a Ōpōtiki an sake tsarkake shi a matsayin St Stephen the Martyr don tunawa da mutuwarsa a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba 1875. Har yanzu ana gudanar da Littafi Mai-Tsarki, gilashi da paten a cocin. Bayan da aka ba da gafara ga waɗanda ke da hannu a mutuwar Völkner, an sake sunan cocin a matsayin Hiona St Stephen's a ranar 5 ga Yuni 1994 [7]
Te Paepae ko Aotea, wanda aka fi sani da Volkner Rocks, an sanya masa suna. [ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span>]
Dubi kuma
gyara sashe- Abin da ya faru a Völkner
- Kiristanci a New Zealand
Bayanan da ke ƙasa
gyara sashe- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedDNZB - ↑ "The Church Missionary Gleaner, February 1864". Christian Natives in New Zealand During the Time of War. Adam Matthew Digital. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "The Church Missionary Gleaner, September 1865". Death of the Rev. C. S Volkner. Adam Matthew Digital. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
- ↑ "Carl Volkner". New Zealand History Online. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 3 March 2014. Archived from the original on 13 September 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Pāho, Ten Canaries | Made with the support of Te Māngai (2023-04-04). "Episode 3: The Trial". RNZ (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-15.
- ↑ "Chief cleared of 1865 murder at last". NZ Herald (in Turanci). 20 June 2014. Retrieved 2023-05-15.
- ↑ "Hiona St Stephen Memorial, Ōpōtiki". New Zealand History. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
Manazarta
gyara sashe- Lyall, A. C., (1979) Whakatohea na Opotiki. A.H. da A.W. Reed.
- Babi na 5: Kashewar Völkner da Fulloon, a cikin Rahoton Ngati Awa Raupatu . Kotun Waitangi, 1999.