Ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi na Lejja a Najeriya na nufin wani rukunin binciken binciken kayan tarihi da aka yi a cikin tsohon garin Lejja da kewaye da ke jihar Enugu a kudu maso gabashin Najeriya .Babban ɗakin binciken kayan tarihi na Lejja wuri ne mai mahimmanci don nazarin rukunin al'adun Nsukka-Awka-Orlu-Umuleri,wanda ya bunƙasa a yankin daga kusan 2000 KZ zuwa 200 CE.Binciken da aka yi a wurin ya nuna alamun aikin noma na farko,narkewar ƙarfe,da kuma tsarin zamantakewar al'umma.

Farko tono

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A cikin shekarun 1960,Charles Thurstan Shaw,wani fitaccen masanin kimiya na kayan tarihi na Biritaniya ne ya gudanar da na farko na babban adadin tono kayan tarihi a Lejja.Shaw ya gano abubuwa da yawa da abubuwa masu ba da haske kan al'adun tarihi da tattalin arzikin rukunin Nsukka-Awka-Orlu-Umuleri.Ƙoƙarin binciken kayan tarihi da ya yi a Lejja ya yi tasiri sosai kuma ya kafa ginshiƙan bincike na gaba a wurin.[1]

A cikin shekarun da suka gabata tun bayan aikin Shaw,masana ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi da dama sun gudanar da bincike a Lejja.Sakamakon bincikensu ya zurfafa fahimtar wurin da kuma muhimmancinsa a cikin babban mahallin binciken kayan tarihi na Afirka ta Yamma.

Binciken archaeological

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Binciken da aka yi a Lejja ya nuna alamun noma da wuri a matsayin ragowar tsirrai da kayan aikin dutse da ake amfani da su wajen noma.Har ila yau,wurin ya ba da shaida na narkar da ƙarfe mai girma,ciki har da tanderu da slag.Wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda ya nuna cewa mazaunan Lejja sun iya kera kayan aikin ƙarfe da makamai a cikin gida,maimakon dogaro da kayan da aka shigo da su.

Sauran kayayyakin tarihi da aka samu a wurin sun hada da tukwane, beads,da kayan aikin dutse.Waɗannan abubuwan suna ba da mahallin mahallin game da rayuwar mutanen da ke zaune a wurin.[1]

Radiocarbon dating

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Haɗin radiyo ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen nazarin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi na Lejja.An yi amfani da wannan dabarar har zuwa yau da abubuwa daban-daban da aka gano a wurin,galibin gawayi da ake samu a cikin tulun ƙarfe.Haɗin radiyo ya ba da haske mai mahimmanci game da tarihin tarihin wurin kuma ya taimaka wa masu binciken kayan tarihi don sake gina jadawalin tarihin yankin.

Ɗaya daga cikin binciken da aka yi amfani da radiocarbon da masu bincike daga Jami'ar Najeriya,Nsukka suka gudanar ya ƙayyade kimanin kwanakin da aka yi amfani da gawayi a cikin shingen ƙarfe da aka samu a wurin.Bugu da ƙari,masu binciken sun yi amfani da radiocarbon wanda ya kasance har zuwa yau samfuran carbon daga kogon Onulor da ke kusa da Lejja.Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa samfurori sun kasance a kwanan wata daga ~ 0-2000 BC.

Ɗaya daga cikin kwanan wata na rediyo da aka samu daga Lejja ya girmi irin wannan sakamakon da ake samu daga wuraren da ake narke baƙin ƙarfe a wasu sassan yankin Nsukka,da kuma sauran wuraren da ke cikin Nijeriya baki ɗaya.An samo saitin farko na kwanakin daga Trenches 1 da 2,kuma an samo saitin kwanakin ƙarshe daga Trench 4, a zurfin 140 cm (55 in).[2]

Waɗannan kwanakin radiocarbon (Hoto na 1)da aka ɗauka a cikin Lejja gabaɗaya sun girme fiye da sauran kwanakin da aka ɗauko daga rukunin rukunin al'adun Nsukka-Awka-Orlu-Umuleri.

Muhimmanci

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Ilimin kayan tarihi na Lejja yana da mahimmanci saboda yana ba da shaidar noma da wuri da samar da ƙarfe a yammacin Afirka.Tsarin madauwari na rukunin yanar gizon da sauran kayan tarihi suna ba da shawarar tsarin zamantakewar al'umma mai sarkakiya wanda aka tsara a kusa da tattalin arzikin narkewar ƙarfe. Wurin da yake a kudu maso gabashin Najeriya ya sa ya zama muhimmin fanni na fahimtar abubuwa da illolin da ke tattare da kirkiro narkar da karafa dangane da ci gaban al'ummomin Najeriya,al'adun gargajiya,har ma da fadada Bantu.

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