AAA (video game industry)

A cikin masana'antar wasan bidiyo, AAA (lafazi kuma wani lokacin ana rubuta Triple-A ) rarrabuwa ce ta yau da kullun da aka yi amfani da ita don rarrabe wasannin da matsakaiciya ko babban mawallafi ya samar, wanda galibi ke da babban ci gaba da kasafin kuɗi fiye da sauran matakan wasanni. .

AAA (video game industry)
video game term (en)
Bayanai
Hannun riga da	indie game (en)

A tsakiyar shekara ta 2010, an yi amfani da kalmar "AAA+" don bayyana nau'in wasannin AAA waɗanda suka samar da ƙarin kudaden shiga akan lokaci, a cikin salo iri ɗaya don yawan wasannin kan layi da yawa, ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin -sabis-sabis kamar lokacin wucewa . fakitin faɗaɗawa . Hakanan an yi amfani da irin wannan ginin "III" (Triple-I) don bayyana manyan wasannin ƙima a cikin masana'antar wasan indie.

Tarihi

Kalmar "AAA" ta fara amfani da ita a ƙarshen shekara ta 1990s, lokacin da wasu ƙananan kamfanoni masu ci gaba suka fara amfani da magana a taron wasannin caca a Amurka. An aro kalmar daga ma'aunin haɗin gwiwar masana'antar bashi, inda sharuɗɗan "AAA" ke wakiltar mafi kyawun damar da za ta iya cimma burinsu na kuɗi.

Daya daga cikin na farko video wasanni da za a samar a blockbuster ko AAA sikelin ya Squaresoft 's Final Fantasy VII (1997) wadda kudin kimanin. Wajen samar da, yin shi da mafi tsada video wasan taba samar up har sai, tare da unprecedented cinematic CGI samar dabi'u, movie -like gabatar, orchestral music, kuma m saje da gameplay da tsauri cinematic camerawork . Yaƙin tallansa mai tsada shima ba a taɓa ganin irin sa ba don wasan bidiyo, tare da haɗin gwiwar samarwa da tallan tallan da aka kiyasta ya zama Bayanin kasafin kudin samarwarsa ya wuce na Sega AM2 's Shenmue (1999) wanda aka kiyasta ya kashe .

Ta ƙarni na bakwai na kayan wasan bidiyo (a ƙarshen shekara ta 2000s) ci gaban wasan AAA akan Xbox 360 ko PlayStation 3 consoles game yawanci ana kashewa a cikin ƙananan dubun miliyoyin daloli ($ 15m zuwa $ 20m) don sabon wasa, tare da wasu jerin abubuwan. samun maɗaukakin kasafin kuɗi mafi girma - alal misali Halo 3 an kiyasta cewa yana da farashin ci gaba na $ 30m, da kasafin tallan $ 40m. A cewar wani whitepaper buga for EA wasanni (Dan Lido Turai) na bakwai tsara ga wani ƙanƙancewa a cikin yawan video wasan tasowa gidaje da samar da AAA matakin lakabi, Munã rage daga kimanin 125 zuwa kusa da 25, amma tare da wani wajen m fourfold karuwa a yawan ma'aikata da ake buƙata don haɓaka wasan.

Takaddun Triple-A da aka samar a ƙarshen shekara ta 1990s da farkon shekara ta 2000s sun kawo sauyi zuwa ƙarin wasannin da ke haifar da labarai waɗanda suka haɗa abubuwan labarai da wasa. Tallace-tallacen kafofin watsa labarai na farko tun farkon shekaran1990 ya kawo abubuwa kamar cutcenes, kuma ci gaban da aka samu a cikin zane- zanen 3D na ainihi a tsakiyar shekaran 1990 ya ci gaba da fitar da sabbin hanyoyin gabatar da labarai; duka abubuwan an haɗa su cikin Final Fantasy VII . Tare da manyan kasafin kuɗi, masu haɓakawa sun sami damar samun sabbin hanyoyin haɓaka don gabatar da labari azaman ɓangaren kai tsaye na wasan kwaikwayo maimakon shiga cikin abubuwan da aka riga aka yi, tare da Half-Life ɗaya daga cikin farkon waɗannan sabbin wasannin labarai don kusan kawar da yanke-yanke don fifita hanyoyin labarai na mu'amala.

A lokacin ƙarni na bakwai, wasannin AAA (ko “blockbuster”) sun yi tallace-tallace a irin wannan matakin zuwa manyan fina-finai, tare da talabijin, allon talla da tallan jarida; Hakanan ana ganin dogaro mai ɗorewa akan jerin abubuwa, sake kunnawa, da kuma irin IP ɗin da aka yi amfani da shi, don rage haɗarin. Kudin da aka kashe a ƙarshen ƙarni ya haura ɗaruruwan miliyoyin daloli - ƙimar da aka kiyasta na Babban Sata Auto V kusan $ 265m. Hakanan yanayin ya haifar da haɓaka yanayin wasan indie a ƙarshen ƙarshen bakan ci gaba, inda ƙananan farashi ya ba da damar ƙira da ɗaukar haɗari.

A kusan lokacin sauyawa daga ƙarni na bakwai zuwa na ƙarfafawa, wasu sun ɗauki farashin haɓaka AAA a matsayin barazana ga zaman lafiyar masana'antar. Ma'aikata da farashi don wasannin ƙarni na takwas sun ƙaru; a Ubisoft, haɓaka wasan AAA ya ƙunshi mutane 400 zuwa 600 don buɗe wasannin duniya, rarrabuwa a wurare da yawa da ƙasashe. Rashin nasarar wasa guda don biyan kuɗin samarwa na iya haifar da gazawar ɗakin studio - Iyayen Activision sun rufe Radical Entertainment duk da siyar da kimanin raka'a miliyan 1 akan na'ura wasan bidiyo a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci bayan sakin. Wasannin Triple-A kuma sun fara rasa keɓancewa da sabon abu; wani yanayi na yau da kullun shine kewayon masu harbi na "launin toka mai launin toka" wanda ya jawo shaharar Medal of Honor da Call of Duty jerin amma bai yi kaɗan ba don haɓaka haɓaka wasan. Daraktan wasan Ubisoft Alex Hutchinson ya bayyana samfurin ikon amfani da ikon mallakar AAA a matsayin mai cutarwa, yana mai cewa yana tunanin hakan ya haifar da ko dai ƙungiyar mayar da hankali -samfuran da aka gwada da nufin haɓaka riba, da/ko turawa zuwa ga mafi girman amincin zane da tasiri a farashi mai zurfi ko wasa.

Ƙuntataccen haɗarin haɗari a fagen AAA da tsayar da sabbin dabarun wasan ya haifar da haɓakar wasannin indie a farkon shekara ta 2010, waɗanda ake ganin sun fi gwaji. Wannan kuma ya haifar da ƙirƙirar kasuwar "AA" a cikin masana'antar, manyan ɗakunan studio waɗanda ba su kan sikelin masu haɓaka AAA ba amma suna da ƙarin ƙwarewa, kuɗi, da sauran abubuwan da za su sa su bambanta da ƙaramin ƙungiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da ɗakunan studio na indie.

Sharuɗɗan da ke da alaƙa

AAA+

NA cikin amfani gabaɗaya, kalmar " AAA+ " ( Triple-A-Plus ) na iya nufin wani juzu'i na wasannin AAA waɗanda suka fi siyarwa ko suna da ƙimar samarwa mafi girma. Koyaya, akwai aƙalla ma'anoni guda biyu na musamman.

Na farko ya bayyana wasannin AAA tare da ƙarin hanyoyin samar da kudaden shiga, gabaɗaya ta hanyar siye ban da farashin wasan gindi. Sha'awar riba ya sa wallafa a look at madadin kudaden shiga model, inda 'yan wasa ci gaba da ba da gudummawa kudaden shiga bayan da farko saya ba, ko dai ta hanyar premium model, DLC, online kafa, da kuma sauran siffofin biyan. A tsakiyar shekara ta 2010s manyan masu shela sun fara mai da hankali kan wasannin da aka ƙera don samun dogon wutsiya dangane da samun kuɗi daga masu amfani da mutum, kwatankwacin yadda wasannin MMO ke samar da kuɗi - waɗannan sun haɗa da waɗanda ke da faɗaɗawa ko abubuwan wucewa na yanayi kamar su Kaddara, Filin Yaƙi, da jerin Kira na Layi ; da waɗanda ke haifar da kudaden shiga daga siyar da abubuwan cikin-wasa, wani lokacin kayan kwalliya kawai, kamar Overwatch ko League of Legends . Wani lokaci ana kiran taken wannan nau'in a matsayin "AAA+". A cikin shekara ta 2016, Gameindustry.biz ya bayyana wasannin AAA+ a matsayin samfuran da ke "haɗa ƙimar samarwa na AAA da kayan kwalliya tare da Software azaman Sabis (SaaS) don ci gaba da kasancewa 'yan wasa cikin watanni ko ma shekaru".

AA (Biyu-A)

Wasannin "AA" ko Double-A wasannin bidiyo ne na tsakiyar kasuwa waɗanda galibi suna da wani nau'in ci gaban ƙwararru kodayake yawanci a waje da manyan ɗakunan shirye-shirye na farko na manyan masu haɓakawa; waɗannan na iya kasancewa daga manyan ƙungiyoyin masu haɓaka indie ban da manyan ɗakunan da ba indie ba. Doubleauki biyu-A suna ɗaukar nauyin mutane 50 zuwa 100 a girma. Studio mai haɓaka biyu-A yawanci mai tallafawa zai goyi bayansa amma ba ainihin ɓangaren wannan mai bugawa ba, don haka yana da ɗan ƙarin 'yanci don ƙira da gwaji idan aka kwatanta da ɗakunan studio-A guda uku, kodayake har yanzu za a ƙuntata shi ta takamaiman maƙasudi masu iyakance haɗari da manufofi daga tushen kuɗin su. Wasannin Biyu-A kan yi farashi US$10–40 idan aka kwatanta da US$60–70 (har zuwa shekara ta 2021) ana ƙimar wasannin sau uku-A a. Misalan wasannin da ake ganin sunaye biyu-A sun haɗa da Filin Wasan PlayerUnknown, DayZ (babban wasa a cikin nau'in wasan tsira ) da Tsakanin Mu .

An yi amfani da " III " ( Triple-I ) don nufin wasannin da aka ba da kuɗi ("indie") da suka dace da matakin inganci kwatankwacinsu a filin su; watau, wasannin indie waɗanda ke da babban kasafin kuɗi, iyaka, da buri; sau da yawa ƙungiyar haɓakawa ta haɗa da ma'aikatan da ke da ƙwarewar aiki akan cikakkun taken AAA.

Misalan wasannin III sun haɗa da Magabata: The Adamkind Odyssey, Hellblade: Hadayar Senua, da Shaidu .

AAAA

Farawa daga shekara ta 2020 har zuwa ƙaddamar da PS5 da Xbox Series X, ɗakunan studio guda biyu sun fara amfani da kalmar AAAA ( Quadruple-A ) don bayyana wasannin da ke zuwa a cikin ci gaba. Studio ɗin Microsoft, The Initiative, yana aiki akan taken sa na farko da ba a sanar da shi ba don Xbox wanda aka bayyana kansa a matsayin wasan AAAA, yayin da Ubisoft ya sanar da Beyond Good and Evil 2 da Skull & Kasusuwa duka wasannin AAAA ne. Duk da sanarwar, babu wata ma'anar da aka amince da ita don kalmar AAAA ko abin da ta ƙunsa. Olivia Harris na ScreenRant ya lura a watan Satumbar shekara ta 2020 cewa "[t] lokacin AAAA yana yawo a cikin 'yan watannin nan akan layi, amma masana'antar wasan ba ta karɓe shi ba," ya kara da cewa "abin da sunan AAAA har ma yana nufin shine har yanzu ba a sani ba, saboda har yanzu babu abin da zai hau sama da ikon taken AAA. Tare da ƙarni na gaba na masu ta'azantar da sakewa daga baya a wannan shekarar, wataƙila wannan sabon matakin fasaha zai haifar da sabon wasan wasanni fiye da matsayin masana'antar kamar yadda yake a halin yanzu, ko kuma wataƙila ita ce sabuwar ƙaƙƙarfan kuzarin da aka haɗa har zuwa Taimaka wasannin su fice a fagen gasa mai ban mamaki. "

Sauran sharuddan

Masana'antar wasan bidiyo na wasan bidiyo ba ta da kwatankwacin fim ɗin B, wanda aka yi don TV, ko yanayin kai tsaye zuwa bidiyo. Koyaya, taken kamar Mutuwar Tsara da Binary Domain an yiwa lakabi da "Wasannin B" saboda haɓaka bin al'adun gargajiya ko kuma samun babban yabo mai mahimmanci duk da lamuran da aka amince da su, tare da masu sukar sau da yawa suna lura cewa irin wannan burin na wasan a fuskar iyakokin kasafin kuɗi yana ƙara ga fara'a na wasan (halin da aka saba da shi tsakanin fina -finan B) Wasanni irin wannan su ne banda kuma, lokacin da ba a karɓe su sosai ba, galibi ana kiransu lakabin "ciniki mai ciniki ". Hakanan an yi amfani da kalmar shovelware don bayyana wasannin da aka yi da sauri ba tare da kulawa sosai ga ingancin samfurin don yin siyar da sauƙi ga masu siye ba, a matsayin kwatancen kayan shebur a kan tari. Haɗin wasan bidiyo mai lasisi don fina-finai galibi ana ɗaukar su a matsayin shebur, alal misali.

Duba kuma

• Nintendo Seal of Quality