Wikipedia

Dara (Chess)

Chess wasa ne na allo a tsakanin ' yan wasa biyu. Wani lokaci ana kiransa chess na duniya ko kuma dara na yammacin duniya don bambanta shi da wasanni masu alaƙa, kamar xiangqi (Ches na China) da shogi (Ches na Japan). Tsarin wasan na yanzu ya bayyana a Spain da sauran Kudancin Turai a lokacin rabin na biyu na karni na 15 bayan da ya samo asali daga chaturanga, wasa mai kama da asalin Indiyawa. A yau, chess na ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wasanni a duniya, wanda miliyoyin mutane ke bugawa a duniya.[1]

dara
Wasan Allo, type of sport (en) Fassara, two-player game (en) Fassara da game-based sport (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na sequential game (en) Fassara, mind sport (en) Fassara da individual sport (en) Fassara
Nau'in mind game (en) Fassara da abstract strategy game (en) Fassara
Gagarumin taron Deep Blue versus Kasparov, 1997, Game 6 (en) Fassara
Inspired by (en) Fassara Shatranj (en) Fassara
Regulated by (en) Fassara FIDE (en) Fassara
Hashtag (en) Fassara chess
Tarihin maudu'i history of chess (en) Fassara
Gudanarwan chess player (en) Fassara, chess coach (en) Fassara da chess arbiter (en) Fassara
Uses (en) Fassara chessboard (en) Fassara, chess piece (en) Fassara da chess clock (en) Fassara
Stack Exchange site URL (en) Fassara https://chess.stackexchange.com
Earliest date (en) Fassara 1470s
yadda ake zanen na chess

Chess wasa ne na dabarun dabara kuma bai ƙunshi bayanan ɓoye ba. Ana buga shi a kan allo mai murabba'i 64 da aka tsara a cikin grid takwas da takwas. A farkon, kowane mai kunnawa yana sarrafa guda goma sha shida: sarki ɗaya, sarauniya ɗaya, rooks biyu, bishops biyu, knights biyu, da 'yan baranda takwas. Mai kunnawa da ke sarrafa farar guda ya fara motsawa, sannan mai kunnawa yana sarrafa baƙake. Manufar wasan ita ce bincikar sarkin abokan hamayya, inda aka kai wa sarki hari nan take (a cikin "check") kuma babu yadda za a yi ta kubuta. Hakanan akwai hanyoyi da yawa da wasa zai iya ƙarewa a cikin zane.

Ches ɗin da aka tsara ya tashi a ƙarni na 19. FIDE (International Chess Federation) ce ke jagorantar gasar chess a yau. Zakaran Chess na Duniya na farko da aka sani a duniya, Wilhelm Steinitz, ya yi ikirarin takensa a 1886; Magnus Carlsen shine Gwarzon Duniya na yanzu. Babbar ka'idar dara ta haɓaka tun farkon wasan. Ana samun ɓangarorin fasaha a cikin ƙirar chess, kuma Ches a nasa bangaren ya shafi al'adu da fasaha na Yamma, kuma yana da alaƙa da wasu fannoni kamar lissafi, kimiyyar kwamfuta, da ilimin halin ɗan adam.

Ɗaya daga cikin manufofin masana kimiyyar kwamfuta na farko shine ƙirƙirar na'urar wasan dara. A cikin shekarar 1997, Deep Blue ta zama kwamfuta ta farko da ta doke Gwarzon Duniya mai mulki a wasa lokacin da ta doke Garry Kasparov. Injin chess na yau sun fi ƙwararrun ƴan wasan ɗan adam ƙarfi kuma sun yi tasiri sosai ga haɓakar ka'idar dara.

Dokoki gyara sashe

FIDE (Fédération Internationale des Échecs), hukumar gudanarwar chess ce ta buga dokokin dara, a cikin littafin Handbook.[2] Dokokin da hukumomin gwamnatocin ƙasa suka buga, ko ta ƙungiyoyin darasi maras alaƙa, masu buga tallace-tallace, da sauransu, na iya bambanta a wasu cikakkun bayanai. Kwanan nan an sake sabunta dokokin FIDE a cikin shekarar 2018.

 
Saiti a farkon wasan dara







Chess ta mail gyara sashe

Bambance-bambancen dara ne wanda abokan hamayya ke musayar motsi ta imel. Ana auna lokacin ansawa a cikin kwanaki kuma wasan na iya daukar watanni ko shekaru kafin a gama.

Kungiyar Chess ta duniya ta mail (ICCF) wadala aka kafa a 1951, ita ce ke da alhakin shirya wasannin Olympics da na duniya ta hanyar wasiku.

Zakarun gasar chess ta duniya ta mail gyara sashe

# Daga...zuwa Zakaran Kasar zama
1 1950-1953 Cecil Purdy   Asturaliya [3]
2 1956-1959 Viacheslav Ragozin   Rasha [4]
3 1959-1962 Alberic O'Kelly   Beljik [5]
4 1962-1965 Vladimir Zagorovsky   Rasha [6]
5 1965-1968 Hans Berliner   USA [7]
6 1968-1971 Horst Berliner   Jamus [8]
7 1972-1976 Jacob Estrin   Rasha [9]
8 1975-1980 Jorn Sloth   Kingdom of Denmark (en)   [10]
9 1977-1983 Tonu Oim   Istoniya [11]
10 1978-1984 Vytas Palciuaskas   USA [12]
11 1983-1989 Fritz Baumbach   Jamus [13]
12 1984-1991 Grigory Sanakoev   Rasha [14]
13 1989-1998 Mikhail Umansky   Rasha [15]
14 1994-2000 Tonu Oim   Istoniya [16]
15 1996-2002 Gert Timmerman   Kingdom of the Netherlands (en)   [17]
16 1999-2004 Tunc Hamarat   Austriya [18]
17 2002-2007 Ivar Bern   Norway [19]
18 2003-2005 Joop van Oosterom   Kingdom of the Netherlands (en)   [20]
19 2004-2007 Christophe Leotard   Faransa [21]
20 2004-2011 Pertti Lehinoinen   Finland [22]
21 2005-2008 Joop van Oosterom   Kingdom of the Netherlands (en)   [23]
22 2007-2010 Aleksandr Dronov   Rasha [24]
23 2007-2010 Ulrich Stephan   Jamus [25]
24 2009-2011 Marjan Semri   Sloveniya [26]
25 2009-2013 Fabio Finocchiaro   Italiya [27]
26 2010-2014 Ron Langeveld   Kingdom of the Netherlands (en)   [28]
27 2011-2014 Aleksandr Dronov   Rasha [29]
28 2013-2016 Leonardo Ljubicic   Kroatiya [30]
29 2015-2018 Aleksandr Dronov   Rasha [31]
30 2017-2019 Andrey Kochemasov   Rasha [32]
31 2019-2022 Fabian Stanach
Christian Muck
Ron Langeveld		   Poland
  Austriya
  Kingdom of the Netherlands (en)  		 [33]
32 2020-2022 Jon Edwards   USA [34]


Olympiad chess ta mail gyara sashe

Gasar Olympiad gasa ce da kowace kasa da ke da alaka da ICCF ke da hakkin gabatar da tawagar da za ta wakilce ta. Dole ne ya kasance da 'yan wasa 6 masu farawa da kuma 2 masu maye gurbin.

Jamus ce kasa mafi nasara a cikinsu, inda ta lashe lambar zinare sau 8. Sai Tarayyar Soviet 6 da Czechoslovakia 3 (dukkansu sun ruguje).

Ana gudanar da gasar ne a matakai biyu da za a fara lokaci guda: na karshe na Olympiad daya na kusa da karshe na gaba.

# Daga...zuwa Lambar zinare Lambar azurfa Lambar tagulla
01 1949-1952   Hungariya Czechoslovakia   Sweden
02 1952-1955 Czechoslovakia   Sweden   Jamus
03 1958-1961 Kungiyar Soviet   Hungariya Yugoslavia
04 1962-1964 Kungiyar Soviet Demokradiyyar Jamus   Sweden
05 1965-1968 Czechoslovakia Kungiyar Soviet Tarayya Jamus
06 1968-1972 Kungiyar Soviet Czechoslovakia Demokradiyyar Jamus
07 1972-1976 Kungiyar Soviet   Bulgairiya   Birtaniya
08 1977-1982 Kungiyar Soviet   Hungariya   Birtaniya
09 1982-1987   Birtaniya Tarayya Jamus Kungiyar Soviet
10 1987-1995 Kungiyar Soviet   Birtaniya Demokradiyyar Jamus
11 1992-1999 Czechoslovaquia
  Jamus		   Kanada
  Scotland
12 1998-2004   Jamus   Lithuania   Laitfiya
13 2004-2009   Jamus   CZE   Poland
14 2002-2006   Jamus   Lithuania   USA
15 2006-2009   Norway   Jamus   Kingdom of the Netherlands (en)  
16 2010-2016   CZE   Jamus   Faransa
17 2009-2012   Jamus   Ispaniya   Italiya
18 2012-2016   Jamus   Sloveniya   Ispaniya
19 2016-2021   Bulgairiya   Jamus   CZE
  Poland
20 2016-2019   Jamus   Rasha   Ispaniya
21 2020-2023   Jamus   Luksamburg   USA

Manazarta gyara sashe

  1. ↑ United States Chess Federation. (2003). U.S. Chess Federation's official rules of chess. Just, Tim., Burg, Daniel B. (5th ed.). New York. ISBN 0-8129-3559-4. OCLC 52859422.
  2. ↑ "Fide Laws of Chess taking effect from 1 January 2023". FIDE. Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  3. ↑ 1.Zakaran
  4. ↑ 2.Zakaran
  5. ↑ 3.Zakaran
  6. ↑ 4.Zakaran
  7. ↑ 5.Zakaran
  8. ↑ 6.Zakaran
  9. ↑ 7.Zakaran
  10. ↑ 8.Zakaran
  11. ↑ 9.Zakaran
  12. ↑ 10.Zakaran
  13. ↑ 11.Zakaran
  14. ↑ 12.Zakaran
  15. ↑ 13.Zakaran
  16. ↑ 14.Zakaran
  17. ↑ 15.Zakaran
  18. ↑ 16.Zakaran
  19. ↑ 17.Zakaran
  20. ↑ 18.Zakaran
  21. ↑ 19.Zakaran
  22. ↑ 20.Zakaran
  23. ↑ 21.Zakaran
  24. ↑ 22.Zakaran
  25. ↑ 23.Zakaran
  26. ↑ 24.Zakaran
  27. ↑ 25.Zakaran
  28. ↑ 26.Zakaran
  29. ↑ 27.Zakaran
  30. ↑ 28.Zakaran
  31. ↑ 29.Zakaran
  32. ↑ 30.Zakaran
  33. ↑ 31.Zakaran
  34. ↑ 32.Zakaran
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