Yaren soo
| Yaren soo | |
|---|---|
'Yan asalin magana | 50 (2007) |
| |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
teu |
| Glottolog |
sooo1256[1] |
Soo ko So shine yaren Kuliak na mutanen Tepes na arewa maso gabashin Uganda . Harshen ya yi ƙamari, tare da yawancin mutanen 5,000 sun ƙaura zuwa Karamojong, kuma tsofaffi kaɗan ne kawai ke iya magana da Soo. Soo ya kasu kashi uku manyan yaruka: Tepes, Kadam (Katam), da Napak (Yog Toŋi).
Akwai tsakanin kabilar Soo 3,000 zuwa 10,000 (Carlin 1993). Mafarauta ne a tarihi, amma kwanan nan sun koma makiyaya da noman rayuwa kamar makwabtan Nilotic da Bantu. [2] Beer (2009: 2) ya gano cewa yawancin ƙauyukan Soo suna da lasifika ɗaya kaɗai ya rage. Don haka, da kyar masu magana suna samun damar yin amfani da yaren Soo.
Yaruka
gyara sasheAna magana da yaren Soo a kan gangaren duwatsu uku masu zuwa a gabas ta tsakiya Uganda zuwa arewacin Dutsen Elgon . [3]
- Yaren Tepes (wanda kuma ake kira Tepeth ), akan gangaren Dutsen Moroto a gundumar Moroto, Uganda. Ana magana a cikin kwarin Kakingol, Lea, da Tapac a kan gangaren Dutsen Moroto. [4] Yaren da ya mamaye yankin shine Karimjong. Yawancin mutanen Tepes sun haɗu da harshe da al'adu tare da mutanen Karimojong . [5] Kauyukan sun hada da Akeme, Nabuin, da Mokora, [6] da kuma Naripo Kakole. [4]
- Yaren Kadam, akan gangaren Dutsen Kadam a gundumar Nakapiripirit, Uganda. Ƙauyen sun haɗa da Nakapeliethe da Nakaapiripirit. [7] Ana samun bayanan Kadam da farko a cikin Heine (ms). [8] Yaren da ya mamaye yankin shine Pokot . [5] A cewar Carlin (1993), Dutsen Kadam yana da mafi girman taro na kabilanci So.
- Yaren Napak, a kan gangaren Dutsen Napak a gundumar Napak, Uganda (ba a sami masu magana ba kamar na 1993).
Akwai kasa da tsofaffin masu magana da duk yarukan uku a hade. [2]
Carlin (1993: 2-3) ya lura cewa akwai ƙananan bambance-bambance tsakanin yarukan Tepes da Kadam, waɗanda suke fahimtar juna.
Nahawu
gyara sasheDon haka Beer, et al. (2009). [9]
Tsarin kalma shine VSO ( fi'ili-batun-abu ). Don haka yana da wadataccen ilimin halittar jiki. [9]
Karin magana
gyara sasheDon haka sunayen sunaye da na tuhuma sune: [9]
| Mufuradi | Jam'i | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | aja | inja/Izja |
| Na biyu | bija | bitja |
| 3rd | ina | i ɟa |
Masu tambayoyi
gyara sasheDon haka tambayoyin su ne: [9]
- Wane/Me: / ic</link> /
- Lokacin: / ita</link> /
- ku: / eoko</link> /
- Why: / ikun</link> /
- Ta yaya: / gwate</link> /
- Nawa/Nawa: / intanac</link> /
Tashin hankali
gyara sasheAkwai lokuta guda hudu: [9]
- lokacin da ya wuce
- halin yanzu
- makomar gaba (gaba daya)
- lokaci na gaba (takamaiman)
Maɗaukaki
gyara sasheGa wasu abubuwa kamar haka: [9]
- /kɔ-/: nan gaba
- /-ak/: wucewa
- /a'a-/: mai kula da jumlar dangi
- /ɪn-/: gama-gari
- /lan/: rashin gaskiya
- /ipa/: ɓata mahimmanci
- /-tɛz/: alamar alamar
- /-uk/: alamar wuri
- /-ok/: alamar kayan aiki
- /-a/: alamar burin
- /kun-/: karin magana
- /-ak/: karin magana
Suffixes guda ɗaya sune /-at/, /an/, /-ɛn/, da /-it/.
Ƙafafun jam'i sune /-in/, /-ɛk/, /-ɛz/, /-an/, /-ɛl/, /-ra/, /-ce/, /-ɔt/, da /-e/.
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren soo". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Beer (2009: 1)
- ↑ Carlin, Eithne. 1993. The So Language. (Afrikanistische Monografien (AMO), 2.) Institut für Afrikanistik, Universität zu Köln.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Beer (2009: 2)
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Carlin (1993: 6)
- ↑ Carlin (1993: 7-8)
- ↑ Carlin (1993: 8)
- ↑ Heine, Bernd. m.s. The So Language of Eastern Uganda.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Beer, Sam, Amber McKinney, Lokiru Kosma 2009. The So Language: A Grammar Sketch. m.s.