Yaren Iduna

Iduna yaren Austronesia ne da ake magana a tsibirin Goodenough na lardin Milne Bay na Papua New Guinea

Iduna
Vivigani
Asali a	Papua New Guinea
Yanki	Milne Bay Province (Goodenough Island)
'Yan asalin magana	(6,000 cited 1984)e25
Dangin harshen	Tustrunizit Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Western Oceanic Papuan Tip Nuclear Papuan Tip North Papuan Mainland – D'Entrecasteaux Bwaidoga Iduna
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	viv
Glottolog	idun1242

kampanin sananne na Idunu

Fassarar sauti

Consonants

Ƙididdiga na harshen Iduna ya ƙunshi baƙaƙen wayoyi 14.

		Labial	Dental	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
M	Mara murya		t		k	ʔ
	Murya	b	d		g
Ƙarfafawa	Mara murya	f
	Murya	v
Nasal		m	n
Kusanci			l	j	w	h

Muryar murya gabaɗaya sun bambanta da takwarorinsu da ba a bayyana su ba, ban da jerin bilabial, inda /b/</link> ya bambanta tsakanin [b]</link> kuma [p]</link> . Haka kuma, sautin wayar /g/</link> yawanci ana gane shi azaman [g]</link> , ko da yake ga wasu masu iya magana ana iya furta shi azaman fricative [ɣ]</link> ba tare da bambanci ba. A ƙarshe, /t/</link> Hakanan yana da fahimtar allophonic guda biyu: [t]</link> yana faruwa ne da farko da kalma-tsakaici kafin wasulan da ba na gaba ba /a/</link> , /o/</link> ko /u/</link> , alhali kuwa [s]</link> kawai ya bayyana a gaban wasulan gaba /i/</link> ko /e/</link> . [3] Sauran ƙananan fahimtar allophonic na iya faruwa. Daga cikin waɗannan bambance-bambancen kawai na ƙarshe yana nunawa a cikin rubutun.

Phoneme	Allophones	Magana
/b/	[b ~ p], [bʷ]	bambancin kyauta; [bʷ] kafin wanda ba syllabic /u/
/f/	[f], [fʷ]	A al'ada [f] ; [fʷ] kafin wanda ba syllabic /u/
/k/	[k], [kʷ]	A al'ada [k] ; [kʷ] kafin wanda ba syllabic /u/
/g/	[g ~ ɣ], [gʷ]	bambancin kyauta; [gʷ] kafin wanda ba syllabic /u/
/t/	[t], [s]	[s] kafin /i/ da /e/ ; [t] wani wuri
/d/	[d], [tʰ]	[tʰ] kafin /i/ a matsayi na ƙarshe kawai; [d] wani wuri
/m/	[m], [mʷ]	A al'ada [m] ; [mʷ] kafin wanda ba syllabic /u/

Wasula

Wayoyin wasali guda biyar ne a Iduna.

	Gaba	Tsakiya	Baya
Babban	i		ku
Tsakar	e		ku
Ƙananan		a

Wasula suna da allophones ma. An bayyana manyan bambance-bambancen allophonic a cikin tebur mai zuwa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da fahimtar sau biyu na /a/</link> , wanda yayi daidai da [a]</link> lokacin da aka samo shi a cikin maɗaukakiyar maɗaukaki, yayin da yake kimanin [ʌ]</link> a cikin wuraren da ba a damuwa, da kuma nau'in allophonic na hanci na /u/</link> . [4]

Phoneme	Allophone	Magana
/a/	[a], [ʌ]	[a] a cikin maƙarƙashiya; [ʌ] wani wuri
/u/	[u], [ũ]	[ũ] bi /m/ ; [u] wani wuri

Har ila yau, harshen yana da diphthong guda huɗu: /ai/</link> , /au/</link> , /ao/</link> kuma /oi/</link> . Waɗannan an bambanta su da jerin wasali, waɗanda a maimakon su bimoraic ne, misali kalmar giyauna</link> [gi.jau.nʌ]</link> 'ya goge shi' ya bambanta da giyauna</link> [gi.ja.u.nʌ]</link> 'ya kwance shi'. [5]

Wasan kwaikwayo

A cikin garin Iduna an haramta gungu ; saboda haka, akwai buɗaɗɗen kalmomin nau'in V, CV da CVV kawai. Hakanan, nau'in jeri na musamman CuV ana fassara shi azaman CʷV.

Tsarin rubutu

Ana nuna haruffan Iduna a cikin tebur mai zuwa: [6]

A a	B b	D d	E e	F f	G g	H h	I i	L l
[a]	[b]	[d]	[e]	[f]	[g]	[h]	[i]	[l]
M m	O o	S s	T t	ku ku	V v	W w	Yi y	ʼ
[m]	[ɔ]	[s]	[t]	[ku]	[v]	[w]	[j]	[ʔ]

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