Yaren Chʼol
Harshen Ch'ol (Chol) memba ne na reshen yammacin dangin yaren Mayan da Mutanen Ch'ol ke amfani da su a jihohin Chiapas, Tabasco, da Campeche a Mexico. [2] yaren, tare da Chontal, Ch'orti', da Ch'olti', sun zama Ƙungiyar yaren Cholan.
| Yaren Chʼol | |
|---|---|
'Yan asalin magana | 180,000 |
| |
| Baƙaƙen boko | |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
ctu |
| Glottolog |
chol1282[1] |
An yi imanin cewa reshen Cholan na harsunan Mayan suna da ra'ayin mazan jiya musamman kuma Ch'ol tare da danginsa biyu mafi kusa da Harshen Ch'orti na Guatemala da Honduras, da kuma Harshen Chontal Maya na Tabasco an yi imanin su ne harsunan zamani waɗanda suka fi nuna dangantakarsu da Harshen Maya na gargajiya. [3]
Shirin yaren Ch'ol yana dauke da gidan rediyo na CDI XEXPUJ-AM, yana watsa shirye-shirye daga Xpujil, Campeche.
Harsuna
gyara sasheAkwai manyan yaruka biyu na Chʼol:
- Chʼol na Tila da mutane 43,870 ke magana daga cikinsu 10,000 ne masu magana da harshe guda a ƙauyukan Tila, Vicente Guerrero, Chivalito da Limar a Chiapas.
- Chʼol na Tumbalá da mutane 90,000 ke magana daga cikinsu 30,000 suna magana da harshe ɗaya a ƙauyukan Tumbalá, Sabanilla, Misijá, Limar, Chivalita da Vicente Guerrero.
Rubutun kalmomi
gyara sasheHarshen haruffa
gyara sasheMarubutan Chʼol sun amince da haruffa masu zuwa, bisa ga haruffa na Latin, wanda Diaz Peñate ya gabatar kuma ya haɓaka a cikin 1992.
| Babban ma'ana | A | B | Ch | Chʼ | E | Na | J | K | Kʼ | L | M | N | Ñ | O | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙananan ƙira | a | b | ch | chʼ | da kuma | i | j | k | kʼ | l | m | n | ñ | o | p |
| Babban ma'ana | Pʼ | R | S | T | Ts | Tsʼ | Ty | Tyʼ | U | W | X | Y | Ä | - | |
| Ƙananan ƙira | pʼ | r | s | t | ts | tsʼ | ty | tyʼ | u | w | x | da kuma | A. | ||
Dangantaka da glyphs na Mayan
gyara sasheR[3] kayan glyphic a Guatemala ya nuna cewa kalandar halitta ce ta Maya. yi la'akari da Ch'ol a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin harsuna da suka fi kusa da rubutun Mayan glyphs da yawa. Lounsbury ya ba da shawarar cewa tsoffin Palenqueños suna magana da yaren Proto-cholean. Wani mai mulkin Palenque yana glyph na kan Quetzal don sunansa kuma saboda kalmar Quetzal a cikin Chol shine 'Kuk', an yi la'akari da cewa sunansa Ubangiji Kuk ne. [3] Landa's I wanda ke faruwa ne kawai tare da alamun kwaNa wata na baya yana riƙe da kamanceceniya da ra'ayin lokacin da ya gabata na Ch'ol, kamar yadda a cikin animx 'kwanaki biyar da suka gabata,' animxi 'kwanaki hamsin da suka gabata.' Kamar yadda ƙamus na Ch'el, Chontal, Chorti, da Tzotzil ba su cika ba, ba zai yiwu a kafa wasu cognates tsakanin waɗannan harsuna da Mayan glyphs.
Wani madadin ra'ayi wanda Houston, Robertson, da Stuart suka kirkira ya ba da shawarar cewa rubutun Maya ta gargajiya tsakanin AD 250 da 850 suna isar da Harsunan Ch'olan na Gabas, waɗanda suka fi alaƙa da Harshen Chorti fiye da harshen Ch'ol. [4] Koyaya, babu wata yarjejeniya game da batun.
Fasahar sauti
gyara sasheSautin da aka yi amfani da shi
gyara sasheAkwai sassan sassan 21 a cikin Chʼol. Da ke ƙasa akwai lissafin ma'anar Chʼol . [5]An gabatar da rubutun da ya dace a cikin kusurwar kusurwa kusa da Alamomin IPA.
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Chʼol". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Vázquez Álvarez, Juan Jesús. A Grammar of Chol, a Mayan Language. Austin, Texas: University of Texas at Austin, 2011; p. 3.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Houston, S., O. Chinchilla, Stuart D. "The Decipherment of Ancient Maya Writing", U. of Oklahoma Press, 2001.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Vázquez Álvarez, Juan Jesús. A Grammar of Chol, a Mayan Language. Austin, Texas: University of Texas at Austin, 2011; p.34-35