Yale harshe

Harshen Yale, wanda kuma aka sani da Yadë, Nagatman, ko Nagatiman, ana magana da shi a arewa maso yammacin Papua New Guinea . Yana iya zama yana da alaƙa da harsunan Kwomtari, amma Palmer (2018) ya rarraba shi azaman keɓewar harshe .

Yalë
Nagatman
Asali a	Papua New Guinea
Yanki	Sandaun Province
Coordinates	3°44′42″S 141°28′18″E
'Yan asalin magana	(600 cited 1991)
Dangin harshen	Senu River or language isolate Guriaso–Yale Yalë
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	nce
Glottolog	yale1246

Hoton dan kabiarsu

Akwai masu magana guda 600 a cikin 1991 da masu yare guda 30 a kwanan wata da ba a rubuta ba. Ana magana da Yale a cikin Nagatiman (

Yalë yana cikin kasuwanci mai yawa kuma yana tuntuɓar Busa, mai yuwuwar yare keɓe wanda ake magana da shi kawai zuwa kudu. Yalë yana da hadadden juzu'in magana da tsarin kalma na SOV.

Fassarar sauti

Aannested, Aidan (2020) ya ba da wannan sauti na Yadë (Yalë):

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m ⟨ m ⟩	n ⟨ n ⟩
M	Mara murya	p ⟨ p ⟩	t ⟨ t ⟩		k ⟨ ⟩
	Murya	b ~ β ⟨ b ⟩	d ~ ɺ ⟨ /l ⟩		ɡ ~ ɣ ⟨ g ⟩
Mai sassautawa		ɸ ⟨ f ⟩	s ⟨ s ⟩			h ⟨ h ⟩
Haɗin kai				d͡ʑ ~ ʑ ⟨ j ⟩
Kusanci		w ⟨ w ⟩		j ⟨ y ⟩

• "dd" ana furta shi azaman trilled /r(ː)/
• Dubi tushen don ƙarin bayani game da allophones- waɗanda aka jera su ne kawai abubuwan da suka faru na kowa.

Wasula

	Gaba	Tsakiya	Baya
Kusa	i ⟨ i ⟩		u ⟨ ⟩
Kusa-Mid	e ⟨ e ⟩		o ⟨ ⟩
Buɗe-Mid	ɛ ⟨ /ɛ ⟩
Bude		a ⟨ a ⟩

• Kowane wasali yana da faffadan fa'ida na iya ganewa, musamman /u/, wanda ke da:
  • /y/, /ʉ/, /ʊ/, da /u

Karin magana su ne:

Yawancin sunaye ba a haɗa su da yawa ba, kuma sunaye ne kawai da ke da alaƙar mutum ko mai rai ko kuma tare da salience na cikin gida ana iya haɗa su ta amfani da suffix - rɛ ~ - re :