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Taimako na farko na tunani

Taimako na farko na tunani mutum (PFA) wata dabara ce da aka tsara don rage faruwar rikicewar damuwa. Cibiyar Kula da Ciwon Tsoro ta Kasa (NC-PTSD), wani bangare na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Tsohon Sojoji ta Amurka ce ta kirkireshi, a cikin shekara ta 2006. Ƙungiyar Red Cross da Red Crescent Societies ta Duniya, Community Emergency Response Team (CERT), American Psychological Association (APA) da sauransu da yawa sun amince da shi kuma sun yi amfani da shi. An haɓaka shi a cikin haɗin gwiwa mai zurfi na kwana biyu, wanda ya haɗa da masu binciken lafiyar kwakwalwa sama da 25, binciken kan layi na rukunin farko da suka yi amfani da PFA da sake dubawa game da rubutun.[1]

Taimako na farko na tunani
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na emergency psychiatry (en) Fassara

Ma'anar

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A cewar NC-PTSD, taimakon farko na tunanin mutum shine hanyar da aka sani da shaidar don taimakawa mutane a cikin bala'i da ta'addanci don rage damuwa ta farko da kuma inganta aikin daidaitawa na gajeren lokaci da na dogon lokaci. Masana kiwon lafiya na hankali ne suka yi amfani da shi, kamar masu amsawa da masu sa kai. Sauran halaye sun haɗa da kulawa mai amfani da buƙatu masu kimantawa. PFA ba lallai ba ne ya haɗa da tattaunawa game da abin da ya faru kuma yana guje wa duk wani aiki da ke da alaƙa da "debriefing" kamar yadda wannan dabarar ta haɗa da karuwar ƙimar PTSD.[2]

Abubuwan da aka haɗa

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  • Karewa daga ƙarin lahani
  • Hanyar yin magana ba tare da matsin lamba ba
  • Sauraro mai ƙarfi
  • Jinƙai
  • Magana da kuma amincewa da damuwa
  • Tattaunawar dabarun jimrewa
  • Taimako na zamantakewa
  • Bayar da za a dawo don magana
  • Bayyanawa

Matakai

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  • Saduwa da shiga
  • Tsaro da ta'aziyya
  • Daidaitawa
  • Tattara bayanai
  • Taimako mai amfani
  • Haɗin tare da tallafin zamantakewa
  • Bayani game da jimrewa
  • Haɗin kai tare da ayyuka

Tarihi

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Kafin PFA, akwai hanyar da aka sani da debriefing. Debriefing wani mataki ne mai mahimmanci a cikin horo na kasuwanci wanda aka nufa don rage PTSD da ake kira "Critical Incident Stress Management" (CISM). An yi niyya ne don rage abin da ya faru na rikicewar damuwa (PTSD) bayan babban bala'i. PTSD yanzu an san shi da yawa don raunanawa; masu fama da cutar suna fuskantar gujewa, flashbacks, hyper-vigilance, da rashin lafiya. An sanya hanyoyin warwarewa a matsayin abin da ake buƙata bayan bala'i, tare da sha'awar hana mutane kamuwa da PTSD. Manufar da ke bayan shi ita ce inganta aikin motsin rai ta hanyar ƙarfafa tunawa da taron. Debriefing ya samo asali ne daga sojoji, inda aka yi niyyar zaman don bunkasa halin kirki da rage damuwa bayan wani manufa, duk da haka Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka ta dakatar da aikin a 2002 saboda shaidar da ke nuna cewa aikin ya kara yawan PTSD.[3] An yi warwarewa a cikin zaman guda tare da matakai bakwai: gabatarwa, gaskiya, tunani da ra'ayoyi, halayen motsin rai, daidaitawa, tsarawa don nan gaba, da kuma rabuwar.[2]

An gano cewa Debriefing ya fi kyau,[4][5][6][7] kuma mafi muni, yana da lahani [4] tare da wasu binciken da suka gano cewa yawan PTSD ya karu ne sakamakon debriefing.[8][9] Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa game da dalilin da ya sa yin tambayoyi ya kara yawan abubuwan da suka faru na PTSD. Na farko, wadanda zasu iya kamuwa da PTSD ba su da taimako ta hanyar zama daya. Na biyu, sake fallasawa da wuri ga raunin zai iya haifar da sake fashewa. Magani na bayyanar a cikin halayyar fahimta yana bawa mutum damar daidaitawa da motsawa kafin a hankali ya kara tsanani. Debriefing bai ba da izinin wannan ba. Har ila yau, an ga damuwa ta yau da kullun ta zama cuta bayan tattaunawa kuma waɗanda suka kasance cikin rauni sun yi tunanin suna da rikicewar hankali saboda sun yi fushi. Debriefing yana zaton cewa kowa yana amsawa iri ɗaya ga rauni, kuma duk wanda ya kauce daga wannan hanyar, yana da cuta. Amma akwai hanyoyi da yawa don magance rauni, musamman nan da nan bayan ya faru.[10][2]

Tasiri

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PFA da alama tana magance yawancin batutuwa a cikin tattaunawar. Ba tilas ba ne kuma ana iya yin sa a lokuta da yawa kuma yana haɗa waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarin taimako ga ayyuka. Yana ma'amala da batutuwan da suka dace waɗanda galibi suna da matsin lamba kuma suna haifar da damuwa. Har ila yau, yana inganta ingancin kai ta hanyar barin mutane su jimre da nasu hanyar. PFA ta yi ƙoƙari ta kasance mai hankali ga al'adu, amma ko an nuna shi ko a'a. Koyaya, matsala ita ce rashin shaidar kwarewa.[11] Duk da yake ya dogara ne akan bincike, bincike bai tabbatar da shi ba.[12] Binciken haɗin kai na 2024 ya kammala cewa bambancin da ke cikin ka'idojin PFA yana iyakance ikon isa ga yanke shawara na kimiyya.[13] Kamar hanyar debriefing, PFA ya zama sananne ba tare da gwaji ba, duk da haka debriefning yana da alaƙa da sakamako mai cutarwa yayin da PFA musamman ke guje wa debriefings.[13]

Bayani

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  • Allen; et al. (2010). "Perceptions of PFA Among Providers". Journal of Traumatic Stress. 23 (4): 509–513. doi:10.1002/jts.20539. PMID 20623598.
  •  
  • Cain; et al. (2010). "Weathering the Storm". Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma. 3: 330–343. doi:10.1080/19361521.2010.523063. S2CID 144518414.
  •  
  • Fox; et al. (2010). "Effectiveness of PFA: Research Analysis". Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. 6 (3): 247–252. doi:10.1001/dmp.2012.39. PMID 23077267. S2CID 23857265.
  • Gray, Matt J.; Maguen, Shira; Litz, Brett T. (2004). "Acute Psychological Impact of Disaster and Large-Scale Trauma: Limitations of Traditional Interventions and Future Practice Recommendations". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 19 (1): 64–72. doi:10.1017/s1049023x00001497. ISSN 1049-023X. PMID 15453161. S2CID 20164465.
  • Rose, Suzanna C; Bisson, Jonathan; Churchill, Rachel; Wessely, Simon (22 April 2002). "Psychological debriefing for preventing post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD000560. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000560. PMC 7032695. PMID 12076399.
  • Schafer, A.; Snider, L.; van Ommeren, M. (2010). "Psychological First Aid Pilot: Haiti Emergency Response Intervention". War Trauma Foundation. 8 (3): 245–254. doi:10.1097/wtf.0b013e32834134cb. S2CID 75512259.
  • Uhernik & Husson. 2009. PFA: "Bayanin Bayani na Bayani don Amsawar Kiwon Lafiya ta Halin Halin Halitta". Matsalar ba da shawara mai ƙarfi. 271–280.
  • Vernberg; et al. (2008). "Innovations in Disaster Mental Health: PFA". Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 39 (4): 381–388. doi:10.1037/a0012663.

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Bisson & Lewis 2009.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Rose et al. 2002.
  3. ↑ "Mental Health and Mass Violence: Evidence-Based Early Psychological Intervention for Victims/Survivors of Mass Violence: A Workshop to Reach Consensus on Best Practices". 2002. doi:10.1037/e584812011-001. Retrieved 2023-01-24. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ↑ van Emmerik, Arnold A. P.; Kamphuis, Jan H.; Hulsbosch, Alexander M.; Emmelkamp, Paul M. G. (2002-09-07). "Single session debriefing after psychological trauma: a meta-analysis". Lancet. 360 (9335): 766–771. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09897-5. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 12241834. S2CID 8177617.
  5. ↑ Carlier, I. V.; Voerman, A. E.; Gersons, B. P. (March 2000). "The influence of occupational debriefing on post-traumatic stress symptomatology in traumatized police officers". The British Journal of Medical Psychology. 73 ( Pt 1): 87–98. doi:10.1348/000711200160327. ISSN 0007-1129. PMID 10759053.
  6. ↑ Carlier, Ingrid V. E.; Lamberts, Regina D.; Van Uchelen, Annephine J.; Gersons, Berthold P. R. (July 1998). "Disaster-related post-traumatic stress in police officers: a field study of the impact of debriefing". Stress Medicine. 14 (3): 143–148. doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1700(199807)14:3<143::aid-smi770>3.0.co;2-s. ISSN 0748-8386.
  7. ↑ Rose, S.; Brewin, C. R.; Andrews, B.; Kirk, M. (July 1999). "A randomized controlled trial of individual psychological debriefing for victims of violent crime". Psychological Medicine. 29 (4): 793–799. doi:10.1017/s0033291799008624. ISSN 0033-2917. PMID 10473306. S2CID 35346492.
  8. ↑ Rose, S.; Brewin, C. R.; Andrews, B.; Kirk, M. (July 1999). "A randomized controlled trial of individual psychological debriefing for victims of violent crime". Psychological Medicine. 29 (4): 793–799. doi:10.1017/s0033291799008624. ISSN 0033-2917. PMID 10473306. S2CID 35346492.
  9. ↑ Kagee, Ashraf (February 2002). "Concerns about the effectiveness of critical incident stress debriefing in ameliorating stress reactions". Critical Care. 6 (1): 88. doi:10.1186/cc1459. ISSN 1364-8535. PMC 137400. PMID 11940272.
  10. ↑ Gray, Maguen & Litz 2004.
  11. ↑ Hermosilla, Sabrina; Forthal, Sarah; Sadowska, Karolina; Magill, Elizabeth B.; Watson, Patricia; Pike, Kathleen M. (2022-10-27). "We need to build the evidence: A systematic review of psychological first aid on mental health and well‐being". Journal of Traumatic Stress (in Turanci). 36 (1): 5–16. doi:10.1002/jts.22888. ISSN 0894-9867. PMC 10624106 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 36300605 Check |pmid= value (help). S2CID 253158847 Check |s2cid= value (help).
  12. ↑ De Brier, Niels; Borra, Vere; Dockx, Kim; Scheers, Hans; Stroobants, Stijn; De Buck, Emmy; Lauwers, Karen; Vandekerckhove, Philippe (June 2021). "Best Available Evidence on Communicative First Aid Interventions by Laypeople for Preventing and Relieving Posttraumatic Stress Disorder–Related Symptomatology Following Traumatic Events". Journal of Traumatic Stress (in Turanci). 34 (3): 538–550. doi:10.1002/jts.22625. ISSN 0894-9867. PMID 33217083. S2CID 227102217.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Wang, Ling; Norman, Ian; Edleston, Victoria; Oyo, Christopher; Leamy, Mary (2024-01-28). "The Effectiveness and Implementation of Psychological First Aid as a Therapeutic Intervention After Trauma: An Integrative Review". Trauma, Violence, & Abuse (in Turanci). doi:10.1177/15248380231221492. ISSN 1524-8380. PMC 11370167 Check |pmc= value (help).
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