Tafkin Chadi ya yi ambaliya savanna

 

Tafkin Chadi da ya mamaye savanna wani yanki ne mai cike da ciyayi da kuma yankin savannas a Afirka. Ya haɗa da wuraren ciyawa na yanayi da na dindindin da ambaliyar ruwa da savannas a cikin tafkin tafkin Chadi a Afirka ta Tsakiya, kuma ta ƙunshi wasu yankuna na Kamaru, Chadi, Nijar, da Najeriya.

Yanayin ƙasa

Tafkin Chadi babban tafki ne mai zurfi, yana kwance a tsakiyar wani katafaren ramin rufaffiyar magudanar ruwa, ba tare da hanyar shiga teku ba. Tafkin Chadi yana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 2,381,635 (919,554 sq mi). Bangaren arewa na kwandon busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun ne, kuma yankin kudu yana da busasshen yanayi na savanna lokaci-lokaci.

Wuraren da aka yi ambaliya sun kewaye tafkin. Kogunan Chari da Logone, wadanda ke matsewa zuwa arewa daga tsaunuka masu tsaunuka tare da gefen kudu na rafin, suna samar da kashi 95% na ruwan tafkin Chadi. Kogin Yobe, wanda ke kwararowa gabas zuwa karshen tafkin, yana bayar da kashi 2.5% na yawan ruwan tafkin.

Duk da cewa babu hanyar fita, tafkin Chadi yana da karancin gishiri. Ruwan da ya fi gishiri yana nutsewa zuwa kasan tafkin, kuma yana magudawa zuwa arewa ta magudanan ruwa na karkashin kasa. Yankin kudancin tafkin, wanda ke samun kwararar kogin, gabaɗaya ba shi da gishiri fiye da na arewa.

Kazalika yankin ya hada da dausayin Hadejia-Nguru a arewacin Najeriya. Wadannan wurare masu dausayi na zamani suna samuwa ne a mahadar kogin Hadejia na Jama'are, wani bangare na tsarin kogin Yobe da ke yammacin tafkin. Waɗannan wurare masu dausayi sun faɗaɗa zuwa 6,000 km2 a lokacin kololuwar ƙarshen watan Agusta, tare da fadin ruwa 2,000 km2..  

Yankin tafkin Chadi na kewaye yana kewaye da yankin Sahelian Acacia savanna ecoregion, bel na bushewar savanna wanda ke tafiya gabas da yamma a fadin Afirka kudu da hamadar Sahara. Dausayin Hadejia-Nguru yana da iyaka da yankin savanna na Sudan ta Yamma.

Yanayi

Yanayin yanayi yana da zafi kuma bushe, tare da 320 mm na ruwan sama na shekara-shekara akan tafkin. An tattara ruwan sama a lokacin damina na Yuni zuwa Oktoba. Maris zuwa Yuni yana zafi da bushewa, kuma watannin hunturu na Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu sun bushe kuma sun fi sanyi. Evaporation ya wuce hazo a yawancin watanni.

Tsire-tsire

Tafkin ya hada da wuraren budaddiyar ruwa da gadaje masu rarrafe. Tsire-tsire na gadon da aka saba da su a tafkin kudancin sun hada da Cyperus papyrus, Phragmites mauritianus, da Vossia cuspidata. Phragmites australis da Typha domingensis sun fi yawa a tafkin arewa mai gishiri. Latas na Nilu (Pistia stratiotes) tsire-tsire ne mai iyo wanda lokaci-lokaci yakan samar da manyan gadaje a cikin wuraren buɗe ruwa.

Tsire-tsire a wuraren da ake yawan ambaliya na yanayi ya bambanta da zurfin da tsawon lokacin ambaliya. Ana samun filayen ciyawa na Yaéré a wuraren da ake yawan samun ambaliya a kudancin ƙarshen tafkin. Tsire-tsire masu halaye sun haɗa da Echinochloa pyramidalis, Vetiveria nigritana, Oryza longistaminata, da Hyparrhenia rufa. Inda ambaliya ta yanayi ta yi ƙasa da ɗan gajeren lokaci, Bishiyoyi da ciyayi suna nan, kama daga savannas zuwa ciyayi, da ake sani da 'karal' ko 'firki' a cikin gida. Acacia seyal itace itace mafi girma, tare da Acacia nilotica a kusa da bakin ciki. Tsarin ciyawa da ciyayi suna girma tsayin mita 2 zuwa 3, kuma sun haɗa da Caperonia palustris, Echinochloa colona, ​​Hibiscus asper, Hygrphila auriculata, Sorghum purpureosericeum, da Schoenfeldia gracilis.

Dabbobi

Ƙasar ciyawa da aka mamaye da kuma savannas suna da mahimmancin wurin zama ga tsuntsayen ruwa, gami da ƙauran Palearctic waɗanda ke kan lokacin hunturu a nan. Kogin prinia (Prinia fluviatilis) da lark mai tsatsa (Mirafra rufa) tsuntsaye ne mazauna da ke zaune a tafkin Chadi wanda ya mamaye savannas da sauran wurare masu dausayi a cikin Sahel. .

Barazanar

Tafkin ya ragu sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, ya zama mai zurfi da karami.

Yankunan da aka kare

Wani kimantawa na ² ya gano cewa 14,732 km2, ko 46%, na yankin yana cikin wuraren da aka kiyaye.