Wikipedia

Sa’id bin Abdul-Malik

Sa'id bn Abdil-Malik bn Marwan ( Larabci: سعيد بن عبد الملك بن مروان‎, romanized: Saʿīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān ; (ya rasu a shekarar 750), wanda kuma aka fi sani da Sa'īd al-Khayr ('Sa'id the Good'), Yarima, kuma gwamnan Banu Umayya .

Sa’id bin Abdul-Malik
Rayuwa
ƙasa Khalifancin Umayyawa
Mutuwa 750 (Gregorian)
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
Ahali Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik (en) Fassara
Sana'a

Ya taka rawa wajen gina Tsauni na Dutse a Urushalima a farkon zamanin mahaifinsa Halifa Abd al-Malik (r. 685–705). Ya mulki Mosul na wani lokaci da ba a tantance ba a karkashin mahaifinsa kuma yayi gine-gine da ayyukan more rayuwa da dama a can. Daga baya, ya sami wata kadara a kusa da Mosul daga hannun ɗan’uwansa, Halifa al-Walid I (r.705-715), ko ɗan uwansa, Halifa Umar bn Abdil-Aziz (r.717-720), wanda ya haɓaka har ya zama. filin noma tare da magudanar ruwa. A cikin 724 da 725, ya jagoranci yakin bazara a kan Rumawa a Anatolia. A lokacin mulkin dan uwansa, Halifa al-Walid na biyu, tsakanin watan Fabrairu 743 zuwa Afrilu 744. Sa'id ya zama gwamnan Falasdinu, a inda bayan mutuwar al-Walid na biyu, 'yan tawaye suka kore shi daga yankin. An kashe Sa'id ne a kisan gillar da aka yi wa iyalan Umayya a kusa da Ramla bayan da Abbasiyawa suka hambarar da daular a shekara ta 750.

Asalin shi

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Sa’id 'Da ne ga halifan Banu Umayyah Abdul-Malik (r.685-705) wanda daya daga cikin kuyanginsa ta haifa masa[1]. Ya zama sananne da suna; Sa’id al-Khayr [2] wanda fassarar sa ke nufin ‘Sa’id mai kyau’, saboda taqawa da jin dadinsa da ayyukansa na sadaka[3][4]. Masanin tarihi na karni na 9 al-Tabari ya lura cewa shi “mutum ne mai kyawun hali” [5] yayin da masanin tarihi al-Baladhuri ya yi iƙirarin cewa yana da tawali’u[2]. Tsakanin 688 da 692, Sa'id ya kasance mai kula wa mahaifinsa da ginin Tsaunin Dutse a Urushalima.[6]

Gwamnan Mosul

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Abd al-Malik ne ya nada Sa’id a matsayin gwamnan Mosul [7] wanda ya ci Iraqi daga hannun ‘yan adawar Umayyawa, Zubairu a shekara ta 691.[8]. Sauran wadanda suka zama gwamnan Mosul a wani lokaci a zamanin Abdul-Malik su ne kawun Sa’id Muhammad bn Marwan da dan uwan ​​Yusuf dan Yahya bn al-Hakam. yawan ayyukan gine-gine a birnin a lokacin mulkinsa. Masanin tarihi na karni na 8 al-Waqidi ya danganta masa ginin katangar gari, amma daga baya halifan Abbasiyawa Haruna al-Rashid ya ruguje su a shekara ta 796[9]. Sa'id kuma ya samu karbuwa daga majiyoyin musulmi na tsakiyar zamanin da cewa ya gina masallaci, da gidan ibada, da kasuwa, da kuma shimfidar titin Mosul.[10][11]

Al-Baladhuri ya tabbatar da cewa, Halifa al-Walid I (r. 705–715) ko kuma Khalifa Umar bn Abdil-Aziz (r.717–720) ya ba wa Sa’id kadarori a gundumar Diyar Mudar da ke kusa da Mosul. a matsayin iqta (bayar da ƙasa).[2][3] Ya sa aka tona magudanar ruwa ta cikin kadarar, daga baya aka sa masa suna Nahr Sa’id[3][12]. Ta hanyar aikin ban ruwa da samar da ababen more rayuwa, ya mayar da iqta daga wani fadamar zaki zuwa wani yanki mai amfani da noma[12]. Umar ya qara kiran Sa’id zuwa Sham, inda ya maye gurbinsa da Yahaya bn Yahya al-Ghassani.[13]

Gangamin yaƙi da Rumawa

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Karkashin halifofi Yazid II (r. 720–724) da Hisham (r.724–743), Sa’id ya jagoranci yakin bazara da dama a kan Rumawa a yankin Anatoliya[3]. Ya jagoranci bangaren hagu na sojojin Umayyawa a lokacin balaguron bazara na shekara ta 724, amma dakarunsa sun yi asara mai yawa[14]. An ce Yazid na biyu ya dauki Sa’id a matsayin zababben magajin halifanci da ya dace, kuma mai yiwuwa ne ya karfafa wa Sa’id kwarin gwiwa kan irin wannan tunanin[3]. A cikin 725, Sa'id ya sake jagorantar yakin bazara a kan Rumawa[13].

Gwamnan Falasdinu

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A lokacin halifancin al-Walid na biyu (r.743-744), an nada Sa'id a matsayin gwamnan Palastinu.[3] An sa shi ya shugabanci gundumar da kyau[14]. A cewar al-Tabari, lokacin da aka kashe al-Walid na biyu a shekara ta 744, kabilun larabawa na Palastinu, karkashin jagorancin Sa'id bn Rawh, shugaban Banu Judham kuma dan Rawh bn Zinba, suka zabi majibincin Umayyawa na yankinsu. Yazid bn Sulayman bn Abdil-Malik, ya zama gwamnansu[5]. Don haka sai suka bukaci Sa’id da ke da sansani a Biyer-sheba ko kuma kusa da Bayt Jibrin ya bar kujerar gwamna[5][13]. Sa'id ya nemi mafaka tare da magajin al-Walid II, Yazid III, a Damascus. Daga baya kuma na baya ya aika da wani yaki a kan ‘yan tawaye a Palastinu.[5] Gwamna Sa’id ya yi watanni goma sha huɗu, tsakanin Fabrairu 743 da Afrilu 744.[15]

A cikin tone-tonen da wata tawagar binciken kayan tarihi ta Isra'ila ta yi a Beit Shean a shekara ta 1990, an gano wani sashe na tagulla da aka samar bisa umarnin Sa'id.[16] An fi yin tagulla a Ramla ko Urushalima.[17] Baya ga bayanin imani na musulmi, bangaren da ba kasafai yake rayuwa ba yana dauke da rubutu a cikin Larabcin Kufic wanda yake cewa: “Amir Sa’id bn Abdil-Malik ne ya umarce shi a hannun…”[4].

Mutuwa da zuriya

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Tare da wasu sarakunan da suka fito daga zuriyar Abd al-Malik, ciki har da 'yan'uwan Sa'id Bakkar da Muhammad, Sa'id ya yi mubaya'a ga Halifa Marwan II (r. 744-750), kane ga Abd al-Malik, a Dayr. Ayyub a shekara ta 744.[18] An kashe Sa’id ne tare da dimbin Umayyawa a wani kisan kiyashi da Abbasiyawa suka yi a kogin Abu Futrus kusa da Ramla sakamakon kifar da Abbasiyawa suka yi a shekara ta 750[3].

Bayan mamayar da Abbasiyawa suka yi a Sham, jikokin Sa’id, da ‘yan’uwan al-Asbagh bn Muhammad, da Hisham bn Muhammad, da al-Walid bn Muhammad, suka kafa kansu da sauran Umayyawa a yankin Andalus, inda yariman Umayyawa Abd al-Rahman na I. ya kafa Masarautar Cordoba. Al-Asbagh ya auri 'yar'uwar Abd al-Rahman na I kuma zuriyarsu sun kasance masu manyan mukamai a matsayin alkalai da kwamandoji. Iyalin Hisham sun kasance a Seville. Iyalan gidan Al-Walid, wato Banu A’isha, su ma suna da manyan mukamai a masarautar[19].

A kula da wannan Bayani

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Bayanai game da gwamnonin Umayyawa na Mosul ba su da yawa kuma ba su dace ba a farkon madogaran Musulunci tsakanin 680 zuwa 726. Duk da cewa masanin tarihi al-Azdi ya ambaci Sa'id bn Abd al-Malik, Muhammad bn Marwan da Yusuf bn Yahya bn al- Hakam a matsayinsa na gwamna a lokacin mulkin Abd al-Malik, bai ba da jerin ko shekaru na wa’adin mulkinsu ba[7].


Wannan Muƙalar guntuwa ce: tana buƙatar a inganta ta, kuna iya gyara ta.


Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Hinds 1990, p. 118
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Hitti 1916, p. 280.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Bosworth 1972, p. 61
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Khamis 2002, p. 145
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Hillenbrand 1989, pp. 189–190.
  6. ↑ Gil 1997, p. 92.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Robinson 2004, p. 77.
  8. ↑ Kennedy 2016, p. 84
  9. ↑ Robinson 2004, pp. 79–80
  10. ↑ Robinson 2004, p. 80.
  11. ↑ Khamis 2002, pp. 145–146.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Kennedy 2006, p. 293.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Khamis 2002, p. 146.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Khamis 2002, p. 147.
  15. ↑ Khamis 2002, p. 148
  16. ↑ Khamis 2002, p. 143
  17. ↑ Khamis 2002, p. 148
  18. ↑ Williams 1985, p. 7.
  19. ↑ Sábada 1957, pp. 82–83.

Littafai

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  • Bosworth, C. E. (1972). "Rajāʾ ibn Haywa al-Kindī and the Umayyad Caliphs". The Islamic Quarterly. 16: 36–84. Hitti, Philip Khuri (1916). The Origins of the Islamic State: Being a Translation from the Arabic Accompanied With Annotations, Geographic and Historic Notes of the Kitab Futuh al-buldan. New York: Columbia University. p. 280.
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