Rashin lafiya da canjin yanayi
Canjin yanayi yana da tasirin rashin daidaituwa akan mutane masu nakasa, kai tsaye da kuma kai tsaye. Mutanen da ke da nakasa suna iya fuskantar babban tasirin sauyin yanayi akan mutane idan aka kwatanta da wadanda ba su da nakasa. Duk da wannan, kuma duk da cewa nakasassu sun fi sama da 15% na yawan mutanen duniya, amma sun sami ƙarancin ƙima da saka hannu cikin tsarin yanke shawara game da martani game da canjin yanayi.[1] Yawanci, nakasassu sun kasance mafi akasarin cutarwa ta kowane nau'i na gaggawa, walau gaggawa ta gaggawa kamar ambaliyar ruwa ko mahaukaciyar guguwa ko kuma gaggawa a hankali kamar tashin tekun, saboda rashin damar samun kayan agajin gaggawa da matsalolin sanya shi ta iyakance motsi. Nakasassu sauyin yanayi ya fi shafar nakasassu saboda adadi mara kyau na nakasassu suna rayuwa cikin talauci, kuma mutanen da ke rayuwa cikin talauci sun fi zama cikin hadari saboda canjin yanayi.[2].
 Rashin lafiya da canjin yanayi | |
|---|---|
principle (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Facet of (en) | Masu Hijirar Muhalli da Canjin yanayi |
| Described at URL (en) | ohchr.org… da tandfonline.com… |
,_National_Museum_of_Health_and_Medicine_(5622440550).jpg)
Amincewa da ƙarin haɗari
gyara sasheKaruwar kasadar nakasassu dangane da canjin yanayi ba a yarda da ita ba. Misali, Manufar Millennium Development Goals bai ambaci alaƙar da ke tsakanin nakasa da canjin yanayi ba. Koyaya, yarjeniyoyi da takardu na duniya da yawa sunyi bayani dalla-dalla game da dangantakar, kamar su Yarjejeniyar Cancun ta 2010, Tsarin Warsaw na 2013asashen Duniya na 2013 don Asara da Lalacewa, da kuma gabatarwa ga Yarjejeniyar Paris ta Paris kan Canjin Yanayi na 2015.[1] Wani mataki da aka ɗauka don tabbatar da cewa bayanai game da haɗarin yanayi ta Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan 'Yancin Dan-Adam (OHCHR) wanda ke buga sabon rahotonsa wanda ke nuna shari'ar da ƙarin sabuntawa.[3]
Ma'ana mai kyau, hadawa da jagorancin mutanen da ke da nakasa da kungiyoyin wakillan su a cikin kulawar hadari da dabarun yanke shawara game da yanayi a cikin gida, matakan ƙasa, yanki da na duniya, hanya ce ta haƙƙin ɗan adam don magance haƙƙinsu da bukatunsu.[4]
Tsarin duniya kan Rashin Lafiya da Canjin Yanayi
gyara sasheAkwai wasu tsare-tsare da manufofi da ke nuna gwamnatoci na amfani da tsarin kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam yayin haɓakawa da aiwatar da manufofi da shirye-shiryen yanayi don tabbatar da daidaito.[5]
Yarjejeniyar kan Hakkokin Nakasassu
gyara sasheYarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Nakasassu da Takardar Zaba (A / RES / 61/106) an zartar da ita ne a ranar 13 ga Disamba 2006 a Hedikwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke New York, kuma an bude ta don sanya hannu a ranar 30 ga Maris 2007. Tana da sa hannun 82 a Yarjejeniyar, sa hannun 44 a cikin Yarjejeniyar Zabi, da kuma rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar. Wannan ita ce yarjejeniya ta farko game da haƙƙin ɗan adam a ƙarni na 21 kuma ita ce taron ƙetare 'yancin ɗan adam na farko da aka buɗe don sa hannu daga ƙungiyoyin haɗin kan yanki.[6] Lokacin da aiwatar da UNCRPD, Eu ya haɓaka tsari don tabbatar da aikinsa. Ana buƙatar EU ta sami tushen inganta, kariya da aiwatar da UNCRPD a cikin batutuwan da ke ƙasa da cancantar EU. Tsarin ya fara aiki a cikin 2013, bisa ga shawarar da Hukumar ta bayar wanda Majalisar ta amince dashi a 2012. Yana haɓaka hanyoyin kulawa na ƙasa. Tun daga ƙarshen 2015, Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ba ta aiki a cikin tsarin EU, amma yana ci gaba da daidaita aiwatar da UNCRPD.[7] Dole ne duk bangarorin Jihohi su gabatar da rahotanni na yau da kullun ga Kwamitin kan yadda ake aiwatar da haƙƙoƙin. Dole ne Jihohi suyi rahoto da farko tsakanin shekaru biyu na karɓar Yarjejeniyar sannan kuma bayan kowace shekara huɗu. Kwamitin yana nazarin kowane rahoto kuma zai gabatar da irin shawarwarin da kuma shawarwari na gaba ɗaya akan rahoton kamar yadda yake ganin ya dace kuma zai tura waɗannan ga kungiyar Jiha da abin ya shafa.[8].
Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Rashin Nakasa (UNDIS)
gyara sasheKawancen Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Nakasassu, babban tsarin kawance wanda UNDP ta dauki nauyin sakatariyar fasaha tare da wasu hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 5, na iya tallafawa aikin hadin gwiwar UNCTs na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan hada nakasa.[9] UNDIS tana aiki ne a matsayin ma'auni don cimma canjin canji ga mutanen da ke da nakasa. Ya ƙunshi siyasa da tsarin kula da lissafi.[10]
Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya António Guterres ya kaddamar da UNDIS don kawo nakasassu a gaba ga dukkan bangarorin ayyukan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a duniya.[11] Manufofin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Kawo Cutar Nakasassu ya samar da tushe na ci gaba da kawo sauyi kan ci gaban nakasassu ta hanyar dukkan ginshikan aikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya: zaman lafiya da tsaro, 'yancin dan adam, da ci gaba. Dabarar ta baiwa tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tallafi don aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Nakasassu da sauran kayan aikin kare hakkin dan adam na duniya, kazalika da cimma nasarar Cigaban Bunkasuwa, ajanda don 'Yan Adam da Tsarin Sendai don Rage Haɗarin Bala'i.[12] Dabarar ta baiwa tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tallafi don aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Nakasassu da sauran kayan aikin kare hakkin dan adam na duniya, kazalika da cimma nasarar Cigaban Bunkasuwa, ajanda don 'Yan Adam da Tsarin Sendai don Rage Haɗarin Bala'i.[13]
Sharuɗɗan IASC akan Ayyukan Jin Kai na Musamman
gyara sasheHadawa ana samun sa ne yayin da nakasassu ke taka rawa mai ma'ana kuma yayin da aka magance damuwar da ta shafi nakasa bisa bin Yarjejeniyar kan Hakkokin Nakasassu.[14] Sharuɗɗan IASC sun bayyana mahimman ayyukan da masu ba da agaji dole ne su yi don ganowa da amsa buƙatu da haƙƙin nakasassu yadda ya kamata.[15]
Tasirin canjin yanayi ga mutanen da ke da nakasa
gyara sashe
Mutanen da ke da nakasa suna wakiltar al'ummomi daban-daban. Don wannan, yayin magana game da bukatunsu, sun bambanta dangane da yanayin mutum. Koyaya, haɗarin yana da alaƙa da tasirin lafiyar da ke da alaƙa da canjin yanayi na iya shafar mutane da nakasawa fiye da wasu saboda yanayin rauni. Mutanen da ke da karancin kudin shiga na iya fuskantar gaskiyar cewa ba za su iya biyan kwandishan a cikin gidansu yayin raƙuman zafi, wanda ke ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da zafin.[16] Temperaturesara yanayin zafi na haifar da haɗari ga nakasassu, saboda yawancin nakasa suna tasiri ga ikon mutum na daidaita yanayin yanayin jiki, don haka hade tasirin rashin daidaito na tattalin arziki da nakasa yana kara karfin nakasassu.[17][18]
Rahoton da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta fitar kan nakasa da ci gaba ya nuna cewa matasa nakasassu suna da karin kalubale da suka shafi hakkokinsu na asali na neman ilimi, kamar yadda lamarin yake a kasashen da ba su ci gaba ba inda ake fama da karancin ilimi ga mutane na yau da kullun.[19]
Mutanen da ke da nakasa sun kai kimanin kashi 15 cikin ɗari na yawan mutanen duniya. Koyaya, batutuwa kamar nuna wariya, banbanci da sauran abubuwan zamantakewar da tattalin arziki suna shafar matsayin ƙarfin cewa canjin yanayi yana shafar mutane masu nakasa.[3]
Rashin dacewar canjin yanayi
gyara sashe
Talauci
gyara sasheNakasassun mutane suna da wakilcin rashin dacewa a cikin al'ummomin da suka fi talauci, kuma yawancinsu suna rayuwa ƙasa da layin talauci. Kamar yadda irin wannan, nakasassun za su iya fuskantar irin wannan kalubalen da al'ummomin talauci ke fuskanta. Mutanen da ke da nakasa suna fuskantar talauci fiye da ninki biyu na yawan mutanen da ba sa shan wahala daga gare shi.[3] Yayinda sauyin yanayi ya canza, rashin amfanin gona da fari zasu zama ruwan dare gama gari, wanda zai bar al'ummomin da ke fama da talauci ba tare da wadatar abinci ba. Ana fama da ƙarancin ruwa a cikin ƙauyuka marasa kyau, matsala wacce kawai za ta ƙara bayyana yayin da canjin yanayi ke taɓarɓarewa. Yayinda aka rasa damar aiki sakamakon tasirin bala'in muhalli, nakasassu na iya zama farkon wanda zai rasa aiki ko ƙasar noma.
Lafiya
gyara sashe
Sakamakon canjin yanayi tare da ƙarin rashin daidaito na kiwon lafiya da mutane nakasassu ke fuskanta.[20] Mutane da yawa da ke da nakasa sun dogara da na'urori masu taimako waɗanda ke inganta ayyukansu na jiki da motsi. Da zarar wata masifa ta yi musu barazana, na'urori masu taimaka wa mutane ba sa isa gare su saboda ko dai sun ɓace ko sun lalace. Wannan zai bar su ba tare da tallafi ba don daidaitawa.[21]
Ko da ba tare da tasirin sauyin yanayi ba, nakasassu ba su da wadataccen damar zuwa kiwon lafiya fiye da wadanda ba su da nakasa saboda kyamar zamantakewa, wariya, talauci, manufofin nuna wariya, da kuma rashin shirye-shiryen kula da lafiya don takamaiman nakasa. Lokacin da matsalolin damuwa masu nasaba da canjin yanayi suka rage tasirin tsarin kula da lafiya, waɗannan rashin daidaito wajen samun kiwon lafiya tsakanin nakasassu da waɗanda ba nakasassu ba suna faɗaɗawa. Rushewa ga sabis na zamantakewar jama'a da sauran mahimman ayyuka na iya zama lahani musamman, saboda mutane nakasassu galibi suna dogaro da samun dama na yau da kullun ga waɗannan ayyukan.[2]
Yayin bala'in canjin yanayi da ya haifar da bala'i, wani ƙalubalen da nakasassu za su iya fuskanta shi ne asarar kayan aiki masu dacewa wanda ke taimaka musu ƙara ƙarfin motsi ko ikon iya yin hulɗa ta hanyar gani ko sauti. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da keken guragu, kayan ji, da makamantansu. Yayin bala'i, da alama waɗannan na'urori zasu ɓace ko lalata su. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da aka ba da taimako ga yankunan da bala'oi suka shafa, ba a cika samar da waɗannan nau'ikan abubuwan ba, suna barin nakasassu su tafi ba tare da su na dogon lokaci ba.[2] Temperaturesara yawan zafin jiki na haifar da haɗari ga nakasassu, saboda yawancin nakasa suna tasiri ga ikon mutum na daidaita yanayin zafin jiki.[22] Canjin yanayi yana haifar da takamaiman haɗari ga waɗanda ke da nakasa ta numfashi saboda yanayin ɗumamar yanayi na iya haɓaka abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwa kamar su ozone da fure.
.
Motsi
gyara sasheDuk da yake nakasassu galibi basu cika motsi ba, suma suna fuskantar wasu illoli da suka shafi motsi. Nakasassu galibi suna da wahalar tafiye-tafiye a ƙasashen duniya, duk da cewa a zahiri suna da haƙƙin ƙaurar duniya. Wannan yakan faru ne saboda kasashe za su hana bakin haure nakasassu shiga saboda ganin nauyin da ake ganin sun dora wa kasar.[1]
A cikin hoto mafi girma game da canjin yanayi da ke haifar da ƙaura, ƙaura na ƙasashen duniya suna da ɗan ƙaramin matsayi, tare da ƙaura na cikin gida wanda ya kasance mafi yawan motsi. Abun takaici, akwai karancin bincike game da shigowar hijirar cikin gida ta nakasassu, kuma illolin da wannan nau'in ƙaura yake haifarwa ga nakasasun nakasasun mutane galibi ba a san su ba.[1]
Gane Varfi da andarfin Adaarfafawa
gyara sasheGaggawa cikin yanayin sauyin yanayi yana sanyawa nakasassu cikin haɗari saboda yanayin rauni. Bayanin jagora wanda Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ƙirƙira game da nakasa da kula da haɗarin gaggawa yana bayyana ƙarin ƙarin ƙalubalen da mutane ke fama da nakasa a lokacin gaggawa.[23]
Abubuwa masu mahimmanci suna tsara ƙarfin hali da ikon daidaitawa na mutane a cikin al'ummomin su. Waɗannan dalilai sune: samun dama da sarrafa albarkatun ƙasa, na mutane, na jama'a, na zahiri, da na kuɗi.[24] Mutanen da ke da nakasa suna fama da matsaloli daban-daban: ilimi mara kyau, rashin samun kuɗaɗen shiga, keɓancewar jama'a da iyakance damar zuwa hukumomin yanke shawara.[25]
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Bell, Sarah (26 August 2019). "Seeking a disability lens within climate change migration discourses, policies and practices". Disability and Society. 35: 682–687 – via Taylor and Francis Online.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (22 April 2020). "Analytical study on the promotion and protection of the rights of persons with disabilities in the context of climate change". Annual report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and reports of the Office of the High Commissioner and the Secretary-General. 44 – via UNDOCS.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "People with Disabilities Needed in Fight Against Climate Change". Human Rights Watch (in Turanci). 2020-05-28. Retrieved 2021-04-25.
- ↑ "The impact of climate change on the rights of persons with disabilities".
- ↑ "Disability and climate change report – it's time to act". CBM Global (in Turanci). 2020-07-17. Retrieved 2021-04-25.
- ↑ "Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) | United Nations Enable". www.un.org (in Turanci). 2015-05-14. Retrieved 2021-04-27.
- ↑ "United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities - Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion - European Commission". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2021-04-27.
- ↑ "The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)". International Disability Alliance (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-04-27.
- ↑ "The New UN Disability Inclusion Strategy". UNDP (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-04-27.
- ↑ ITU (2020-07-27). "Why the new UN Disability Inclusion Strategy is an opportunity for ITU". ITU News (in english). Archived from the original on 2021-04-27. Retrieved 2021-04-27.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ "Implementing the UN Disability Inclusion Strategy". www.who.int (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-04-27.
- ↑ "UN Disability Inclusion Strategy". www.un.org. Retrieved 2021-04-27.
- ↑ "UN DISABILITY INCLUSION STRATEGY". UNRCCA (in Turanci). 2020-07-10. Retrieved 2021-04-27.
- ↑ "HumanitarianResponse". www.humanitarianresponse.info. Retrieved 2021-04-27.
- ↑ "IASC Guidelines, Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action, 2019 | IASC". interagencystandingcommittee.org. Retrieved 2021-04-27.
- ↑ "Home". Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-04-25.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ "Body Temperature Regulation Problems". HealthHearty. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
- ↑ Harrington, Samantha. "How extreme weather threatens people with disabilities". Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
- ↑ "Disability Inclusive Climate Action". International Disability Alliance (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-04-25.
- ↑ "IASC Guidelines, Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action, July 2019 - World". ReliefWeb (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-04-30.
- ↑ "eSubscription to United Nations Documents". undocs.org. Retrieved 2021-04-30.
- ↑ "Body Temperature Regulation Problems". HealthHearty. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
- ↑ "Disability and climate change: How climate-related hazards increase vulnerabilities among the most at risk populations and the necessary convergence of inclusive DRR and CCA (2018) - World". ReliefWeb (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-04-25.
- ↑ 1295381. "CARE's Climate Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis (CVCA) handbook". Issuu (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-04-25.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
- ↑ "Disability and climate change : understanding vulnerability and building resilience in a changing world". Source (in Turanci). 2014-04-10. Retrieved 2021-04-25.