Rashin amfani da namiji
Rashin amfani da namiji, gardamar amfani da dangi, ko ra'ayin namiji mai amfani, shine ra'ayin cewa rayuwar maza ba ta da damuwa ga yawan jama'a fiye da na mata saboda ba su da mahimmanci don maye gurbin yawan jama'ar. Masana ilimin ɗan adam sun yi amfani da manufar ƙwarewar namiji a cikin bincikensu tun daga shekarun 1970s don nazarin abubuwa kamar polygyny, Matrilinearity, da rarraba aiki ta hanyar jinsi.
 Rashin amfani da namiji | |
|---|---|
| ƙunshiya | |
| Bayanai | |
| Karatun ta | Ilimin ɗan adam |
Manufar ta fito ne daga ra'ayin cewa, daga ra'ayi na haifuwa, namiji daya na iya samun ciki ko kuma mahaifin 'ya'ya tare da mata da yawa. A cikin mutane, wannan zai nufin cewa yawan jama'a tare da mata masu yawa da maza masu yawa za su iya girma cikin sauƙi fiye da yawan jama'ar da ke da maza da yawa da mata masu haihuwa.
Asalin
gyara sasheA cewar Carol Mukhopadhyay da Patricia Higgins, an fara bayyana manufar samar da namiji ta hanyar ɗan'uwanta Ernestine Friedl a 1975, [1] kodayake ba ta ba shi wani suna ba. Friedl ta lura cewa yawancin masu farauta da masu tarawa da kungiyoyin lambu da ta yi nazari a littafinta, Mata da Maza: Ra'ayi na Anthropologist, sun ba da ayyukan farauta da yaƙi ga maza, suna daukar mata aiki sosai ko a'a. Ta yi la'akari da cewa wannan na iya zama saboda farauta da yaƙi sun buƙaci maza su kasance a gida na dogon lokaci, wanda ba ya dace da kula da yara ƙanana wanda mata da yawa ke da aiki sosai kuma yana iya zama saboda za a buƙaci ƙarancin maza don sake cika yawan jama'a, saboda mata a cikin al'ummomin lambu suna iyakance ga kusan yaro ɗaya a kowace shekara uku.
Bayani na gaba ɗaya
gyara sasheTunanin iya amfani da namiji a cikin mutane ya samo asali ne daga zaton cewa bambance-bambance na halitta a cikin matsayin jinsi a cikin haihuwa suna fassara zuwa bambance-mbance na al'umma a matakin haɗarin jiki da aka ɗauka ya dace da maza da mata. A ciki haihuwar ɗan adam, yana buƙatar ɗan lokaci da kuzari don namiji ya samar da maniyyi da maniyyi kuma ya kammala jima'i fiye da mace don kammala ciki da haihuwa. Rashin amfani da namiji yana ɗaukar ra'ayin cewa daya ko 'yan maza za su iya haihuwar yara tare da mata da yawa don haka yawan jama'a zai iya girma idan yana da mata masu haihuwa da yawa kuma maza kalilan ne kawai amma ba haka ba.[2] Masanin ilimin ɗan adam Ernestine Friedl musamman ya ambaci jinkirin matsakaicin yawan haihuwa na mata a cikin al'ummomin mafarauta da masu tara kayan lambu na shekarun 1970s (yaro ɗaya a cikin shekaru uku) a matsayin dalilin da ya sa wannan na iya zama da muhimmanci.
Masana ilimin ɗan adam sun lura cewa "mafi yawan al'ummomi a cikin rikodin ethnographic" suna ba da izinin polygyny, inda namiji na iya samun mata fiye da ɗaya amma mace bazai ko aƙalla ba a ƙarfafa ta ta sami ma'aurata namiji fiye da ɗaya ba. Bisa ga tsarin samar da namiji, saboda haka yana da ma'ana ga al'ummomi su sanya ayyukan da suka fi haɗari ga maza maimakon mata.[3] Masana ilimin ɗan adam sun yi amfani da ra'ayin iya zama namiji don nazarin batutuwa kamar polygyny, Matrilineality, da rarraba aiki ta jinsi.[4][5][3]
Dundes, Streiff, da Streiff sun danganta manufar da tsoron namiji na zama tsohon yayi a cikin haifuwa tare da wahayi daga masanin falsafar mata Sara Ruddick . [6]
Tsarin fahimta na ubanni yana ba da rawar jima'i ga mata kuma yana ba wa maza rawar tashin hankali, tare da amfani da namiji yana da alaƙa da lalata mata.[7]: 59 Wannan nau'in amfani da namiji ya haɗa da tsammanin zamantakewa cewa maza za su shiga don kare wasu daga haɗari, yin aiki mafi haɗari, da haɗarin mutuwa ko mummunan rauni ta hanyar yin hakan.
Ka'idar da ra'ayi
gyara sasheIvana Milojević ya yi jayayya cewa yayin da shugabanci ke ba da rawar jima'i ga mata, yana ba wa maza rawar tashin hankali, tare da ƙaddamar da namiji yana da alaƙa da lalata mata.[7] Masanin ilimin halayyar jama'a Roy Baumeister ya yi jayayya cewa ya zama ruwan dare a cikin al'adu cewa ayyukan da suka fi haɗari maza ne, wanda ya haɗa da mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da aiki da ke fi girma a cikin waɗannan ayyukan. Wannan ya hada da maza da suka hada da mafi yawan ayyukan kamar ma'aikatan gine-gine, direbobin motoci, 'yan sanda, masu kashe gobara, da kuma ma'aikatan soja.[8]
Masanin tattalin arziki na Anarcho-capitalist Walter Block ya yi jayayya a cikin The Case for Discrimination cewa iyawar namiji shine sakamakon mata kasancewa ƙuntataccen ikon haihuwa a cikin yawan jama'a.
Misalai
gyara sasheMasanin ilimin zamantakewa na Norway kuma masanin binciken maza Øystein Gullvåg Holter ya yi jayayya cewa imanin da Gwamnatin Rasha ke jagoranta game da iya amfani da maza ya ba da gudummawa ga jinkirin neman taimakon kasa da kasa a lokacin Bala'in jirgin ruwa na <i id="mwXA">Kursk</i>, inda aka rasa ma'aikatan maza 118. Ya ce, "Idan an kashe mata 118, kararrawar ƙararrawa game da nuna bambanci ga mata tabbas za ta ɓace a duk duniya. " Ya bayyana cewa ana kallon maza masu iya aiki a matsayin mafi kyawun manufa a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe a Bosnia, Kosovo, Timor, Rwanda, da Chechnya. [9]
Duba kuma
gyara sashe- Kisan Androcide
- Ka'idar Bateman
- Ka'idar jituwa da kula da yara
- Ka'idar Tattalin Arziki
- Yaran da suka ɓace (Mormon fundamentalism)
- Misandry
- Cutar farar mace da ta ɓace
- Rashin jinin jinsi
- Rarraba aikin jima'i
- Ka'idar ƙarfi
- Matsayi mai ban mamaki na mata
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ Carol Mukhopadhyay and Patricia Higgins (1988). "Anthropological studies of women's status revisited: 1977–1987". Annual Review of Anthropology. 17: 473. doi:10.1146/ANNUREV.AN.17.100188.002333. JSTOR 2155921. PMID 12319976. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
- ↑ Etkin, William (Summer 1979). "The Expendable Male Animal, with a Sociobiological Interpretation". Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. Johns Hopkins University Press. 22: 559–564. doi:10.1353/pbm.1979.0026. PMID 492923. S2CID 40340124.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Carol R. Ember; Milagro Escobar; Noah Rossen; Abbe McCarter (November 19, 2019). "Gender – Human Relations Area File". Yale University. Retrieved December 8, 2022.
- ↑ Jose C. Yong; Norman P. Li (December 19, 2022). "Elucidating evolutionary principles with the traditional Mosuo: Adaptive benefits and origins of matriliny and "walking marriages"". Culture and Evolution (Full text). 19 (1): 22–40. doi:10.1556/2055.2022.00017. S2CID 255247087 Check
|s2cid=value (help). Retrieved December 19, 2022. - ↑ Mattison, S.; Quinlan, R. J.; Hare, D. (July 15, 2019). "The expendable male hypothesis". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (Full text). 374 (1780): 20180080. doi:10.1098/rstb.2018.0080. PMC 6664138. PMID 31303164.
- ↑ Dundes, Lauren; Streiff, Madeline; Streiff, Zachary (31 May 2018). "Storm Power, an Icy Tower and Elsa's Bower: The Winds of Change in Disney's Frozen". Social Sciences. 7 (6): 86. doi:10.3390/socsci7060086.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Ivana, Milojević (2012). "Why the Creation of a Better World is Premised on Achieving Gender Equity and on Celebrating Multiple Gender Diversities" (PDF). Journal of Futures Studies. 16 (4): 59.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Holter, Øystein Gullvåg (March 2002). "A theory of gendercide". Journal of Genocide Research. 4 (1): 11–38. doi:10.1080/14623520120113883. S2CID 73119529.