Postmodernism
Postmodernism matsayi ne nailmi ko salon magana [1] wanda ke da shakku game da "babban labari" na zamani, adawa da tabbatattun ko kwanciyar hankali na ma'ana, da kuma jaddada akida a matsayin hanyar kiyaye ikon siyasa.[2] Ana watsi da iƙirarin haƙiƙa a matsayin gaskiya na butulci, tare da jan hankali ga yanayin da'awar ilimi a cikin takamaiman maganganun tarihi, siyasa, da al'adu. Ra'ayin postmodern yana da alaƙa da son-kai, ƙwaƙƙwaran ilimin halin ɗabi'a, alaƙar ɗabi'a, jam'i, ban tsoro, rashin girmamawa, da eclecticism; ya ki amincewa da " sahihancin duniya" na adawa na binary, tabbatacciya, matsayi, da rarrabawa.[3]
 Postmodernism | |
|---|---|
art movement (en)  da cultural movement (en) | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Wanda ya samar |
Charles Jencks (en) da Christopher Alexander (en) |
| Lokacin farawa | 1940s |
Da farko yana fitowa daga yanayin sukar wallafe-wallafe, postmodernism ya haɓaka a tsakiyar karni na ashirin a matsayin ƙin yarda da zamani kuma an lura da shi a cikin fannoni da yawa. Postmodernism yana da alaƙa da ɓangarorin ɓarna da tsarin bayan-tsari. Marubuta daban-daban sun soki postmodernism a matsayin inganta baƙar fata, kamar watsar da fahimtar wayewa da ƙarfin kimiyya, kuma ba su ƙara kome ba ga ilimin nazari ko ƙwarewa.[4]
Ma'ana gyara sashe
Postmodernism matsayi ne na ilimi ko yanayin magana wanda ke ƙalubalantar ra'ayoyin duniya masu alaƙa da wayewar hankali tun daga ƙarni na 17.[5] Postmodernism yana da alaƙa da kuma mai da hankali kan akida wajen kiyaye ikon tattalin arziki da siyasa. Postmodernists suna "masu shakku game da bayanin da ke da'awar cewa suna da inganci ga kowane rukuni, al'adu, ko kabilanci, maimakon haka suna mai da hankali kan gaskiyar dangi na kowane mutum". Yana ɗaukar "gaskiya" a matsayin ginin tunani. Postmodernism ya ki yarda da yuwuwar gaskiyar da ba ta shiga tsakani ba ko kuma ilimin da ya dace, yana mai tabbatar da cewa duk fassarori sun dogara ne akan mahangar da aka yi su; an yi watsi da iƙirarin gaskiya a matsayin gaskiyar butulci.
Masu tunani na zamani suna yawan bayyana iƙirarin ilimi da tsarin ƙima a matsayin mai daidaitawa ko yanayin zamantakewa, suna bayyana su azaman samfuran maganganun siyasa, tarihi, ko al'adu da matsayi. Saboda haka, tunani na baya-bayan nan yana da fa'ida da halaye na son kai, ilimin ɗabi'a da alaƙar ɗabi'a, pluralism, da rashin girmamawa. Postmodernism sau da yawa ana danganta shi da makarantun tunani irin su rushewa da tsarin bayan-tsari. Postmodernism ya dogara ne akan ka'idar mahimmanci, wanda yayi la'akari da tasirin akida, al'umma, da tarihi akan al'ada. Bayan zamani da ka'idar mahimmanci suna sukar ra'ayoyin duniya na haƙiƙanin gaskiya, ɗabi'a, gaskiya, yanayin ɗan adam, dalili, harshe, da ci gaban zamantakewa .
Da farko, bayan zamani ya kasance salon zance kan adabi da sukar adabi, yin sharhi kan yanayin rubutun adabi, ma’ana, marubuci da karatu, rubutu da karatu. Postmodernism ya ci gaba a tsakiyar karni zuwa karshen karni na ashirin a fadin fannonin ilimi da yawa a matsayin tashi ko kin tsarin zamani. A matsayin aiki mai mahimmanci, postmodernism yana amfani da ra'ayoyi irin su hyperreality, simulacrum, trace, da bambanci, kuma ya ƙi ƙa'idodin ƙididdiga don goyon bayan kwarewa kai tsaye.[6]
Manazarta gyara sashe
- ↑ Nuyen, A.T., 1992. The Role of Rhetorical Devices in Postmodernist Discourse. Philosophy & Rhetoric, pp.183–194.
- ↑ Duignan, Brian. "Postmodernism". Britannica.com. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ↑ Bryant, Ian; Rennie Johnston; Robin Usher (2004). Adult Education and the Postmodern Challenge: Learning Beyond the Limits. Routledge. p. 203.
- ↑ Sokal, Alan; Bricmont, Jean (1999). Intellectual impostures : postmodern philosophers' abuse of science. London: Profile. ISBN 1-86197-124-9.
- ↑ Torfing, Jacob (1999). New theories of discourse : Laclau, Mouffe, and Z̆iz̆ek. Oxford, UK Malden, Mass: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 0-631-19557-2.
- ↑ "Postmodernism Glossary". Faith and Reason. 11 September 1998. Retrieved 10 June 2019 – via PBS.org.