Wikipedia

Ilimin Mata a Najeriya

Mata a Najeriya Suna da ainihin haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ilimi, kuma wannan haƙƙin an amince da shi tun shekara ta 1948 da aka amince da Yarjejeniya Ta Duniya kan Haƙƙin Bil Adama (UDHR)[1] A cewar wani rahoto a cikin 2014, ilimin mata yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci. ci gaban kasa mai zaman lafiya, wadata da koshin lafiya wanda ke haifar da ƙwazo, masu fa'ida da ƙarfafawa.[2] Ilimantar da 'yan mata suna haɓaka ƙimar girma, ƙarfafa 'yancin kai na yarinyar yarinya kuma yana rage rashin daidaituwa na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 2009, hukumar kula da yawan jama’a ta Najeriya (NPC) ta lura cewa matan da ke da digiri na uku sun fi samun aikin albashi fiye da wadanda ke matakin karatun firamare.[2]

Ilimin Mata a Najeriya
education in country or region (en) Fassara
Mata haka suke koyan karatu

An sami kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin shigar yara mata a makarantar firamare da babban abin da ake samu na ƙasa (GNP) da haɓaka tsawon rayuwa.[3] Saboda wannan haɗin kai, yin rajista a makarantu yana wakiltar mafi girman ɓangaren zuba jari a cikin jarin ɗan adam a kowace al'umma[4]. An lura da saurin ci gaban tattalin arzikin al'umma ya dogara da ingancin mata da iliminsu a wannan ƙasa[5]. Ilimi yana ba wa mata damar samun ilimi, ɗabi'u, ɗabi'a, cancanta, amincewa, 'yancin kai da ƙwarewa.[6]

Don tabbatar da daidaiton samun ilimi, manufar ilimi ta kasa ta bayyana cewa samun ilimi hakki ne ga dukkan yaran Najeriya ba tare da la’akari da jinsi, addini da nakasa ba.[7]

Tarihi

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Kafin 1920, ilimin firamare da sakandare a Najeriya yana cikin iyakokin kungiyoyin Kiristoci na sa kai. A cikin makarantun sakandare guda 25 da aka kafa ta 1920,[8] uku mata ne kawai, sauran kuma na maza ne kawai. A cikin 1920, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta fara ba da tallafi ga ƙungiyoyin sa kai da ke da hannu a cikin ilimi, bayar da tallafin ya kasance har zuwa farkon 1950s. A lokacin, an sanya ilimi a ƙarƙashin ikon yankuna. A cikin 1949, takwas ne kawai daga cikin jimillar makarantun sakandare 57 na 'yan mata ne kawai. Makarantun sune Methodist Girls' High School, Lagos (1879), St Anne's School, Molete, Ibadan (1896), St. Theresa's College, Ibadan (1932), Queens College, Lagos, (1927) Holy Rosary College, Enugu (1935) ), Anglican Girls Grammar School, Legas, (1945), Kwalejin Sarauniya Amina da Kwalejin Alhuda, Kano. Daga 1950 zuwa 1960, an kafa wasu fitattun makarantu shida sannan a shekarar 1960, akwai manyan makarantun mata guda goma sha hudu, gauraye goma da maza sittin da daya kadai.[9]

1960s

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A cikin shekarun 1960, lokacin da mafi yawan kasashen Afirka (kasashen) suka fara samun 'yancin kai na siyasa, an sami gagarumin rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi a fannin ilimi.[10] Alkaluman shigar yara mata sun yi kadan a duk fadin nahiyar. A cikin watan Mayun 1961, an bayyana sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da 'yancin ɗan adam da tsare-tsaren ilimi na UNESCO game da Najeriya a wani taro da aka gudanar a Addis Ababa, Habasha. An yi niyya don cimma nasarar ilimin firamare 100% a Najeriya nan da shekara ta 1980.[11]

1970s

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Aiwatar a cikin shekarun 1970 na Ilimin Firamare na Duniya (UPE) kyauta kuma wajibi ya yi daidai da wannan shirin na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.[12] Tun daga wannan lokacin, UNICEF da UNESCO da sauran kungiyoyi da dama suka dauki nauyin gudanar da bincike da kuma tarukan tarurruka a Najeriya dangane da ilimin ‘ya’ya mata[13]. Har zuwa shekarun 1970, yara maza fiye da mata sun halarci ilimi a Najeriya. A cewar wani masanin tarihin Najeriya, Kitetu, falsafar al’adun gargajiya ita ce wurin mace a gida ne kuma hakan ya hana ‘yan mata da yawa daga karatu. Sai dai da taimakon gwamnati da wayar da kan jama’a, iyaye suka fara tura ‘ya’yansu mata a makaranta.[14] Sakamakon haka, shigar mata ya ƙara fitowa fili.

1990s da kuma bayan Haka

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Ana iya lura da cewa tsare-tsare masu ma'ana sun haifar da haɓakar mata a makarantu bayan 1990. Yayin da yara maza fiye da mata aka yi rajista a 1991 da bambanci na 138,000 a 1998, bambancin ya kasance 69,400 kawai.[14] A taron kasashen Afrika baki daya da aka gudanar a birnin Ouagadougou na kasar Burkina Faso a watan Maris da Afrilu na shekarar 1993 (shekaru 30 bayan sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na shekarun 1960) an lura cewa har yanzu Najeriya na baya bayan sauran yankuna na duniya wajen samun ilimi ga mata. [14][15]An kuma lura da cewa akwai bambancin jinsi a fannin ilimi kuma akwai bukatar a gano tare da kawar da duk wasu manufofin da ke hana ‘ya’ya mata cikakkar shiga harkar ilimi.[16]

Bambancin Jinsi a Makarantu

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Daga 1970 zuwa 1994, yawan shigar yara mata zuwa makarantun firamare ya karu daga kashi 30% zuwa sama da kashi 80%.[17] Koyaya, akwai bambance-bambance tsakanin shigar maza da mata a duk matakan ilimi. Bugu da kari, raguwar 'yan mata ya fi maza girma kuma shiga azuzuwan STEM ya ragu ga 'yan mata fiye da maza.[18]A shekarar 2002, jimlar yawan shiga makarantun firamare da sakandare da manyan makarantu na mata ya kai kashi 57% idan aka kwatanta da kashi 71% na maza.[19]

Wannan yana fassara zuwa ƙananan mata a wasu fannonin tattalin arziki. Kaso na ma'aikatan mata a wasu zababbun sana'o'i a shekarar 2012 sun kasance kamar haka: masu gine-gine, 2.4%, masu binciken adadi, 3.5%, lauyoyi/masu shari'a, 25.4%, malamai, 11.8%, likitocin obstetrics da gynecologists, 8.4%, likitocin yara, 33.3%, masu aikin watsa labarai, 18.3%.[19][20]

Batutuwan daidaiton jinsi a fannin ilimi sun kasance batun muhawara a cikin shekarun da suka gabata kuma sun zama babban batu na muhawara a dukkan kasashe. A Najeriya, ana samun babban bambanci tsakanin ilimin da yara maza da mata ke samu. Yawancin 'yan mata ba sa samun isasshen ilimi fiye da wasu shekaru. Yarinyar da suka samu damar barin makaranta sakamakon auren wuri idan aka kwatanta da na namiji[21]. A shekarar 2010, yawan karatun manyan mata (shekaru 15 zuwa sama) na Najeriya ya kai kashi 59.4 bisa dari idan aka kwatanta da yawan karatun manya na 74.4%. Bambance-bambancen ilimi ne ya haifar da wannan gibin a fannin karatu[22]. Tazarar jinsi a matakin karatu a shekara ta 2000 a matakin karkara tsakanin maza da mata ya kai kashi 18.3 bisa dari na fifikon samarin gaba daya. A cikin shekaru 6-9 shekaru (shekarun makarantar firamare) ya kasance kashi 3.9 bisa dari na goyon bayan samari.[23]

Hakan na nuni da cewa akwai bangaren samun ilimi da cigaban jinsi a Najeriya. A cewar Hukumar Jarrabawa ta Najeriya (1994) har yanzu akwai sauran matsaloli, kamar yadda ake yawan samun raguwar dalibai mata, rashin aikin yi, rashin son dalibai mata na shiga kwasa-kwasan da suka danganci kimiyya da kuma rashin shigar ajujuwa[24] [25]A cikin bambance-bambancen yanayin siyasa daban-daban a Najeriya, yawancin 'yan matan da ba su zuwa makaranta ba su zuwa makaranta ba tare da wata bukata ba, idan aka kwatanta da rabon da ya dace ga rukunin maza masu shekaru daya.[25]

Hakanan ana iya ganin bambancin jinsi a ilimin yara masu nakasa, wani bincike da aka yi a shekarun 1990 ya nuna cewa kashi 37% na nakasassun mata ne kawai ke da ilimi idan aka kwatanta da kashi 57% na maza. Dalilin wannan yanayin shine ra'ayin al'ada cewa namiji zai ɗauki sunan iyali yayin da mace za ta aura. Har ila yau, zabin barace-barace a kan tituna da ‘yan mata nakasassu ke yi don samun kudin shiga na iya hana su zuwa karatu.[7]

Kammala burin ci gaban karni na biyu (MDG) wato 'ilimi ga kowa' nan da shekara ta 2015 na cikin hadari bayan da aka kasa cika wa'adin farko na shekarar 2005. A Najeriya, an yi imanin cewa wuraren ilimi ba su isa ba kuma ba su da isashen damar samun dama ga mutane da yawa. musamman ‘yan mata da mata[26]. A cewar rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na ci gaban bil’adama (2005), an kasafta Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai karancin ci gaba ta fuskar daidaito wajen samun ilimi.[27]

Dalilan da ke Tattare da Rashin Daidaituwa

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Akwai batutuwa daban-daban na al'adu da tattalin arziki a Najeriya da ke hana mata samun isasshen ilimi. Daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna a fannin ilimi, iyaye/Masu kula sun kai kashi 90 cikin 100, malaman addini kashi 69, shugabannin gargajiya kashi 54, da kuma kungiyoyin al’umma kashi 51. Talauci kuma shine babban abin da ke haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna, domin da yawa masu kula suna son tura unguwanni ko ’ya’yansu makaranta amma rashin iya kudi ya kan zama hani a mafi yawan lokuta kuma za a ba da fifiko ga ’ya’yan maza idan dama ta samu saboda yanayin yanayin. Al'ummar Najeriya.[28]

Al'adu, dabi'u da al'ada

Daban-daban dabi'u na al'adu da zamantakewa sun ba da gudummawa ga banbanta jinsi a cikin ilimi a tarihi. Bisa ga aikin da Denga ya yi, wani babban ra'ayi na al'adu shi ne cewa yana da kyau mace ta zauna a gida ta koyi kula da iyalinta maimakon neman ilimin kasashen yamma.[29] Don bayyana gaskiyar cewa fiye da yara maza ne suka shiga harkar ilimi, wani mai bincike na Najeriya Obasi ya gano tarin matsalolin da ake kira 'al'adar Najeriya' a matsayin kan gaba.[16]

An bayyana ‘al’adar Nijeriya’ a matsayin al’adar da ta fi baiwa namiji daraja fiye da mace, wanda ake kyautata zaton wurin kicin ne.[30] [31]Wani bincike da jami'ar Ibadan ta gudanar ya danganta rashin daidaiton maza da mata a makaranta, yana da nasaba da imani da aka dade ana yi na nuna fifikon maza da mata. hakkokin magaji. Don haka, irin waɗannan al'adun gargajiya sun ƙarfafa fifiko a ba da ilimin ɗa namiji maimakon mace.

Al’ummar Najeriya (na tarihi da na zamani) sun cika da wasu al’adu na musamman wadanda ke cutar da ‘yantar da mata, kamar auren dole da wuri, gadon mata da kuma ayyukan takaba[32]. Yayin da ’ya’ya mata ke bayyana kansu a matsayin mata tare da mahaifiyarsu da ’yan’uwansu mata, kuma maza a matsayin maza tare da ubansu da ’yan’uwansu, ra’ayin jinsi ya zama tsari a cikin rukunin iyali[33]. Har ila yau, fitattun labaran addini a cikin al’ummar Nijeriya na ‘yan mulkin mallaka da bayan mulkin mallaka suna ba maza gata ga mata, har ma da samun damar karatu.

Kudin Karatu

Tabarbarewar harkokin tattalin arziki tun farkon shekarun 1980 ya sa ilimi ya zama abin jin daɗi ga yawancin ’yan Najeriya musamman waɗanda ke yankunan karkara[25]. Domin an san iyayen Nijeriya suna saka jari a kan yara bisa ga jima'i, tsarin haihuwa ko kuma abin da aka ba su kyauta, 'yan mata da maza ba su dace da maye gurbinsu ba[25]. Sau da yawa iyali ba za su iya ba da damar tura yaro ɗaya makaranta ba. Domin ’ya’ya mata sun dauki nauyi a cikin gida, ba za ta iya zuwa makaranta ba.[25]

Manufofin Mulkin Mallaka

A farkon mulkin mulkin mallaka, an sanya maƙasudai masu tsauri game da fahimtar jinsi a cikin tunanin Afirka.[34] Bayan haka, aikin mace ya kasance yana iyakance ga aikin jima'i da kasuwanci; biyan bukatun maza na jima'i, yin aiki a gonaki, ɗaukar kaya, kula da jarirai da shirya abinci[34]. 'Akidar zaman gida' ta 'yan mulkin mallaka da ke dagula ikon mulkin mallaka kamar yadda aikin 'farin gida' ya haifar ya haifar da rashin daidaituwar ilimin mata a sassan Afirka.[35] Don haka, gabaɗayan ci gaban ɗan adam a Nijeriya yana fuskantar cikas ta wannan rashin daidaito na samun damar ilimi a tsakanin jinsi.[36]

Auren Wuri

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A mafi yawan sassan Najeriya, musamman a yankin Arewa, yawancin yara mata ne ake aurar da su tun suna kanana. Yarinyar ba za ta iya samun ilimi mai zurfi ba saboda nauyin da ya rataya a wuyanta na haihuwa da kuma kasancewarta karamar uwa.

Muhimmanci

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Yayin da akasarin burin ci gaban karni na fuskantar wa'adin shekara ta 2015, an saita manufar daidaiton jinsi a cika shekaru goma da suka gabata - amincewar cewa daidaiton samun ilimi shi ne ginshikin dukkan sauran manufofin ci gaba.[37]A cikin ƙasashen da ba su da kayan aiki da kayan makaranta, kuma ba a cika yin rajista ba, sau da yawa dole ne a zaɓi zaɓi tsakanin iyalai tsakanin tura yarinya ko yaro makaranta. Har sai adadin yara mata da maza suna makaranta, ba zai yuwu a gina ilimin da ake bukata don kawar da fatara da yunwa, yaki da cututtuka da tabbatar da dorewar muhalli[37]. Miliyoyin yara da mata za su ci gaba da mutuwa ba tare da wata bukata ba, ta haka za su jefa sauran ajandar ci gaba cikin hadari. Yana da matukar muhimmanci 'yan mata su sami damar samun ilimi. A kowace shekara 'yan mata suna zuwa makaranta, suna samun ƙarin albashin kashi 20 cikin ɗari kuma suna fama da ƙarancin mutuwar yara kashi 10.[38][39]

Matan da ke da ilimin boko sun fi zuwa neman magani, da tabbatar da an yi wa ’ya’yansu rigakafi, da samun kyakkyawar fahimta game da abubuwan da ‘ya’yansu ke buqata na abinci mai gina jiki, sannan su rungumi ingantattun hanyoyin tsafta. A sakamakon haka, jariransu da ƴaƴansu suna da mafi girman adadin rayuwa kuma suna da ƙoshin lafiya da abinci mai gina jiki. A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Mata ta Duniya, ilimin da yarinya ke samu shi ne mafi ƙwaƙƙwaran hasashen shekarun da za ta aura, kuma muhimmin abu ne na rage yawaitar auren yara[40]. Bankin duniya ya yi kiyasin cewa karin shekarar karatu ga mata 1,000 na taimakawa wajen hana mace-macen mata biyu[41]. Har ila yau, kowace shekara na karatun boko da uwa ta kammala tana fassara wa ’ya’yanta da suke makaranta karin kashi uku zuwa rabi na shekara.[41]

Yawancin manazarta manufofin suna ɗaukar ƙimar karatu a matsayin muhimmin ma'auni don haɓaka jarin ɗan adam na yanki. An yi wannan ikirari ne bisa dalilin cewa za a iya horar da masu karatu da tsada fiye da jahilai, gabaɗaya suna da matsayi mafi girma na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki kuma suna samun ingantacciyar lafiya da samun aikin yi.[42] Idan mata su ne wadannan jahilai, hakan ya sa su ma sun fi yin amfani da tattalin arzikinsu. Masu tsara manufofi kuma suna jayayya cewa ilimin karatu ga mata yana ƙara guraben aikin yi da samun damar samun ilimi mai zurfi[43]. Ko da yake ana ganin cewa mace mai aiki a gida tana amfanar danginta, hakan yana kawo cikas ga al’umma baki daya kasancewar ilimi na daya daga cikin hanyoyin samun nasara da samun ci gaba. A cewar Ojo, mata a Najeriya sun fi maza wahala saboda talauci saboda rashin ba da muhimmanci ga ilimin mata, da yawaitar auren wuri da ke kara jefa mata cikin talauci, da kuma nuna musu wariya bisa doka[19].

Abu mafi mahimmanci na samun aikin yi shine ilimi, musamman ilimi. Idan damar yin aiki ya bambanta, matsayin rayuwa, tsawon rayuwa da sauran sigogi na rayuwa da jin daɗin rayuwa, za su bambanta. “Domin Najeriya ta cimma burin kasancewa cikin manyan kasashe 20 masu karfin tattalin arziki a duniya, dole ne ta hanzarta ilimantar da yara, musamman ‘yan mata, tarbiyyar ‘ya’ya mata an san shi ne ginshikin ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. uwayen da suka yi karatu da kuma wadanda za su koyar da ’ya’yansu, kula da iyalansu da kuma ba wa ‘ya’yansu abinci mai gina jiki,” in ji Dokta Robert Limlim, Mataimakin Wakilin UNICEF. "Saboda haka ilimantar da 'ya'ya mata na fassara zuwa inganta kiwon lafiya ga yara, da raguwar cututtukan yara da mace-mace, ta haka ne ke haifar da tasirin dusar ƙanƙara na cimma duk sauran MDGs ta hanyar da ta dace."[44]

Ilimin Mata a Arewacin Najeriya

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Ana ci gaba da yunƙurin yunƙurin duniya don cimma burin Ilimin Ilimi na Duniya (UBE) a Najeriya. Ilimin mata na daya daga cikin batutuwan da ke da matukar muhimmanci a arewacin Najeriya. A cewar kididdigar kididdigar yawan jama'a da kiwon lafiya ta Najeriya (2013) yayin da ake lura da matsakaita na kasa sun yi bitar wani bincike wanda ya nuna cewa kashi 40.4% mata ne sabanin kashi 29.5% na maza ba su taba zuwa makaranta ba (NPC/RTI, 2014). Alkaluman mata sun fi girma a jihohin arewa fiye da na kudanci. A arewa maso gabas da arewa maso yamma kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na mata ba su taba zuwa makaranta ba idan aka kwatanta da kashi daya bisa takwas na mata a kudu maso yamma da kudu maso kudu[45]. UNESCO ta ruwaito a shekarar 2014 cewa kashi 70% na mata masu shekaru tsakanin 15-24 a Arewa maso Yamma ba su kammala makarantar firamare ba.[46] Shekaru ba su taba zama mai daukar nauyin Ilimi ba[21].

Matsayin Mata tare da Tashin Ilimi

Matsayin mata a Najeriya ya sami sauye-sauye a cikin shekaru da yawa musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, da mulkin mallaka da kuma a halin yanzu bayan mulkin mallaka. Ayyukansu sun yanke a cikin masu zaman kansu da na jama'a, mata suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin masu haɓakawa da masu kula da ayyukansu na haihuwa, masu yanke shawara a cikin gida, abin koyi da jagoranci ga 'ya'yansu, da ma'aikata da masu daukar ma'aikata a Najeriya (Kangiwa). ,2015, shafi na 754) Duk da irin rawar da aka ambata a sama da mata ke takawa wajen raya al’ummarsu, har yanzu gwamnati ba ta kula da ita da kuma ba su tallafin da ya dace (Iyela, 1998, shafi na 222).

Manufofin ci gaba na yanzu

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A halin yanzu matan Najeriya suna samun ci gaba a cikin al'ummarsu. A cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan, sana’o’i uku da maza suka mamaye, wato kungiyar likitocin Najeriya, kungiyar lauyoyi ta Najeriya da kuma Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria, shugabannin mata ne ke jagorantarsu.[47] Ƙirƙirar hukumar kula da mata ta ƙasa a jere a jere da ma’aikatun mata masu kula da harkokin mata na samar da ƙarin hanyoyin inganta al’amuran ilimin mata da inganta rawar da mata ke takawa wajen ci gaban ƙasa ta hanyar kafa doka da ma’aikatu. Baya ga wannan, sana’ar Injiniya wacce kuma ake ganin ta zama wani fanni da aka ware mata da maza, an samu wasu sauye-sauye tare da kafa kungiyoyin Injiniya Mata da ke da alhakin bunkasa wakilcin mata a fannin Injiniya. Daya daga cikin irin wadannan kungiyoyi ita ce APWEN.[47]

A yau, yara da yawa suna zuwa makaranta kuma suna koyon karatu da rubutu fiye da shekarun da suka gabata. A sakamakon haka, matasa sun fi iya karatu fiye da tsofaffi. A wani bincike da hukumar kididdigar ilimi ta duniya ta yi, ta auna ilimin karatun Najeriya a tsakanin kungiyoyi masu shekaru 5 daban-daban. Daga cikin mutanen da ke tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 19 - wadanda suka kai matakin firamare a shekarun 1990 - yawan ilimin karatu ya kai kashi 70%. A cikin mutanen da suka kai shekaru 80 ko sama da haka, kashi 13% ne kawai ke da ilimi. Bugu da ƙari, tazarar da ke tsakanin yara maza da mata masu shekaru 15 zuwa 19 kashi 11 ne kawai.[48]

Har yanzu ana takurawa matan Najeriya samun ilimin boko saboda rashin aikin yi da suke yi a bangaren ma'aikata na gida. Saboda haka, ana fuskantar cikas sosai wajen cimma burin MDG3 na 'daidaitan jinsi da karfafa mata'.[49] Bugu da ƙari, a cewar Bhavani, irin wannan rashin daidaito tsakanin zamantakewa da jinsi yana buƙatar canza don fitar da mata daga talauci da talauci.[50] Rahoton UNESCO da UNICEF a shekara ta 2007 ya tattauna batun ilimi ta hanyar da ta dace. An fayyace haƙƙoƙi guda uku masu alaƙa kuma dole ne a magance su tare don ba da ilimi ga kowa:[51].

  • Haƙƙin samun ilimi - Ilimi dole ne ya kasance samuwa ga, samun dama ga kuma ya haɗa da duk yara yanayi namiji ko mace.
  • 'Yancin samun ingantaccen ilimi - Ilimi yana buƙatar zama mai kula da yara, dacewa da rungumar tsari mai fa'ida, kuma a ba da kayan aiki da kulawa yadda ya kamata.
  • 'Yancin mutunta a cikin yanayin koyo - Dole ne a samar da ilimi ta hanyar da ta dace da 'yancin ɗan adam, daidaiton mutunta al'adu, addini da harshe kuma ba tare da kowane irin tashin hankali ba.

UNESCO ta yi kiyasin cewa ana bukatar kimanin dala biliyan 11 a kowace shekara don cimma burin EFA na 2015.[51] Rashin daidaito tsakanin bukata da taimako ya bayyana: taimakon da aka aika zuwa kasashe masu karamin karfi don samar da ilimi na asali a 2004 da 2005 ya kai dala biliyan 3.1 a kowace shekara. Shirin Fast Track Initiative (FTI) yana ba da ɗayan mafi kyawun hanyoyi zuwa ilimin firamare na duniya nan da 2015.[38] An kafa shi a matsayin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin masu ba da taimako da ƙasashe masu tasowa da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, FTI ta amince da ƙasashe masu tasowa waɗanda suka sanya ilimin firamare a kan gaba a ƙoƙarinsu na cikin gida tare da samar da ingantattun tsare-tsare na ilimi na ƙasa. Najeriya ta riga ta kara yawan wadannan albarkatu don ci gaban matasa.

Yarjejeniyar kawar da duk wani nau'i na nuna wariya ga mata (CEDAW), wadda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da ita a shekarar 1979, kuma kasashe 180 suka amince da ita, ta tanadi hakkokin mata, na 'yanci daga wariya da daidaito a karkashin doka.[37] CEDAW ta fahimci hakkoki da daidaiton mace kuma shine mabuɗin rayuwa da ci gaban yara da gina iyalai, al'ummomi da ƙasashe masu lafiya. Mataki na 10 ya yi nuni da wasu sauye-sauye guda tara wadanda dole ne a canza su domin a taimakawa matan Najeriya da sauran matan da ke fama da bambancin jinsi. Da farko ya bayyana cewa, dole ne a kasance da sharuɗɗa iri ɗaya na sana'o'i, jagoranci na sana'a, da kuma samun nasarar samun digiri a cibiyoyin ilimi na kowane nau'i a yankunan karkara da kuma a cikin birane. Za a tabbatar da wannan daidaito a makarantun gaba da sakandare, na gabaɗaya, fasaha, ƙwararrun ƙwararru da manyan ilimin fasaha, da kuma kowane nau'in horon sana'a.[52]

Na biyu, shi ne samun damar karatu iri daya, jarrabawa iri daya, ma'aikatan koyarwa masu cancantar ma'auni daya da harabar makaranta da kayan aiki masu inganci iri daya. Na uku, shine kawar da duk wani ra'ayi da aka kayyade na matsayin maza da mata a kowane mataki da kuma kowane nau'in ilimi. Wannan yana samun kwarin gwiwa ta hanyar haɗin kai da sauran nau'ikan ilimi waɗanda za su taimaka wajen cimma wannan buri da, musamman, ta hanyar sake fasalin litattafai da shirye-shiryen makaranta da daidaita hanyoyin koyarwa.

Na huɗu, dama iri ɗaya don cin gajiyar tallafin karatu da sauran tallafin karatu. Hakazalika, na biyar shine dama guda na samun damar samun shirye-shiryen ci gaba da ilimi, gami da shirye-shiryen karatun manya da na aiki, musamman waɗanda ke da nufin rage duk wani gibi na ilimi da ke tsakanin maza da mata. Na shida, shi ne rage yawan daliban da ake yi wa dalibai mata da kuma tsara shirye-shirye ga ‘yan mata da matan da suka bar makaranta da wuri. Damuwa ta bakwai da aka jera shine dama guda don shiga rayayye a wasanni da ilimin motsa jiki. A ƙarshe, shine samun takamaiman bayanan ilimi don taimakawa don tabbatar da lafiya da jin daɗin iyalai, gami da bayanai da shawarwari kan tsarin iyali.

Tsarin lokaci

Manufofin gwamnati da suka shafi ilimin yara mata tun 1985 sun haɗa da:[53]

  • 1986: Blueprint on Women's Education. An outreach and awareness campaign to promote the importance of equal education, increase the available educational resources for females and reduce drop out rates among female students.
  • 1986: Nomadic Education Programme. Increase the access to education for children of Nomads without jeopardizing pastoralism.
  • 1991: National Commission for Mass Literacy and Non-formal Education. A policy to motivate parents and families to send their school-age children to school and to establish training facilities that concentrate on domestic science, home economics and crafts.
  • 1994: Family Support Basic Education Programme. A programme to encourage families living in rural areas to send girls to go to school as a means of promoting youth development.
  • 1999: Universal Basic Education. Reduction in geographic and gender disparity in school enrolment.
  • 2001: National Policy on Women
  • 2002: Education For-all Fast Track Initiative.
  • 2003: Strategy for Acceleration of Girls Education in Nigeria.
  • 2004: National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategies (NEEDS).
  • 2004: Universal Basic Education Act.

Cibiyoyi

gyara sashe

Makarantun Firamare da kuma Makarantun Sakandare na Mata: Najeriya na da makarantu 104 mallakin gwamnatin tarraya a yankunan 6 da muke dasu kamar haka:

  • Federal Government Girls' College (FGGCs) – 39 (Mata Zalla);
  • Federal Science and Technical Colleges (FSTCs) 20 maza da mata da daya a (FSTC Uyo) na mata zalla – 21
  • Federal Government Academy (Ta yara masu basira sosai ) Maza da Mata; – 2
  • Federal Science Colleges (Maza da Mata) a gabas maso yamma da daya a yankin nija dalta – 2
Jihar Ogun
  • Abeokuta Girl's Grammar School, Onikolobo, P.M.B. 2039, Abeokuta.
  • Aiyepe Girls' High School, Aiyepe, Via Ijebu-Ode
  • Anglican Girls' Grammar School, Box 35, IjebuOde
  • Baptist Girls College, Abeokuta
  • Federal Government Girls' College, Sagamu, Ogun state Nigeria
  • Ijebu-Igbo Girls' Grammar School, P.M.B. 1003, Ijebu-Igbo
  • Louisville Girls High School, Ijebu – Ode, Ogun State.
  • Muslim Girls' High School, Ijebu-Ode
  • Our Lady of Apostles, Box 212, Ijebu-Ode
  • Solid Rock Girls Academy, Old Lagos-Ibadan Road, Sagamu, Ogun, Nigeria
Jihar Lagos
  • Methodist Girls' High School
  • Marywood Girls' College
  • Surulere Girls' Secondary School
  • Reagan Memorial Baptist Girls' Secondary School
  • New Era Girls' Senior Secondary School
  • Eva Adelaja Girls Secondary Grammar School
  • Lagos Anglican Girls Grammar School
Jihar Imo
  • Federal Government Girls' College, Owerri
Jihar Rivers
  • Methodist Girls High School (Port Harcourt)
  • Federal Government Girls' College, Abuloma, Port Harcourt
  • Government Girls' Secondary School, Harbour Road, Port Harcourt
  • Archdeacon Crowther Memorial Girls' School, Elelenwo, Port Harcourt
  • Holy Rosary College, Port Harcourt
  • Government Girls' Secondary School, Rumuokwuta, Port Harcourt
  • Government Girls' Secondary School, Ahoada, Rivers state

Duba Kuma

gyara sashe

Gaba daya:

Manazarta

gyara sashe
  1. ↑ https://www.amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/universal-declaration-of-human-rights/
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 http://www.britishcouncil.org.ng/
  3. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20170827055433/http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTRESEARCH/EXTWDRS/EXTWDR2012/0,,contentMDK:23004468~pagePK:64167689~piPK:64167673~theSitePK:7778063,00.html http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTRESEARCH/EXTWDRS/EXTWDR2012/0,,contentMDK:23004468~pagePK:64167689~piPK:64167673~theSitePK:7778063,00.html
  4. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0305-750X%2801%2900107-3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier) https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14890311
  5. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1086%2F378571
  6. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-6
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20160918212432/http://bbi.syr.edu/_assets/staff_bio_publications/Akinpelu_Dr_Girl_Child_Education_2007.pdf http://bbi.syr.edu/_assets/staff_bio_publications/Akinpelu_Dr_Girl_Child_Education_2007.pdf
  8. ↑ http://soscedj.eksu.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/12-PARENTS.pdf
  9. ↑ https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3825028
  10. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1754-8845.1988.tb00260.x
  11. ↑ https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000077416
  12. ↑ http://www.unesco/oc.unesco.org/education/eta-report/2003-PDF/chapter3.PDF[permanent dead link]
  13. ↑ "Kwafin ajiya". Archived from the original on 2021-05-20. Retrieved 2024-03-10.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-Kitetu_14-1
  15. ↑ http://www.unesco.org/education/information/nfsunesco/pdf/OUAGAD_E.PDF
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09540259721349
  17. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-17
  18. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-18
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-ojo_19-0
  20. ↑ https://www.globalacademicgroup.com/journals/world%20educators%20forum/EDUCATIONAL%20INEQUALITIES.pdf
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/236413173.pdf
  22. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-22
  23. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-23
  24. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-24
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-Isaac_25-1
  26. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-26
  27. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-27
  28. ↑ "Kwafin ajiya". Archived from the original on 2017-10-14. Retrieved 2024-03-10.
  29. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-29
  30. ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37659863
  31. ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/oct/17/wife-job-look-after-me-buhari-nigerian-girls
  32. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-32
  33. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-33
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-Hammond_34-0
  35. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-35
  36. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-36
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 "Kwafin ajiya". Archived from the original on 2019-08-20. Retrieved 2024-03-10.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20201113190340/http://www.ungei.org/resources/files/154743e.pdf
  39. ↑ https://www.schoolsoftware.com.ng/history-of-girl-child-education-in-nigeria/
  40. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-40
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 "Kwafin ajiya" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-12-20. Retrieved 2024-03-10.
  42. ↑ https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2007480
  43. ↑ http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001362/136246e.pdf
  44. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20180219090214/http://www.ungei.org/news/files/Press_release_-_NGEI_Launch.pdf
  45. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-45
  46. ↑ http://www.britishcouncil.org.ng/
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-WED_47-0
  48. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-48
  49. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-49
  50. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#cite_ref-50
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 "Kwafin ajiya" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-29. Retrieved 2024-03-10.
  52. ↑ http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/text/econvention.htm
  53. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_education_in_Nigeria#CITEREFRisikat2007
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