Harshen tef

Tef, wanda kuma aka sani da Maragus, harshen Vanuatu ne na Kudancin tekun da ke kusa bacewa. An rage yawan masu magana da yaren Tape zuwa kusan masu magana 15 waɗanda ke cikin tsofaffin ƙarni. Harshen wani yanki ne na rukunin rukunin Oceanic na dangin harshen Austronesian .

Harshen tef
Dangin harshen	Austronesian (en) Malayo-Polynesian (en) Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian (en) Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian (en) Eastern Malayo-Polynesian (en) Oceanic (en) Central–Eastern Oceanic (en) Southern Oceanic (en) North and Central Vanuatu (en) Malekula Interior (en) Harshen tef
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	mrs
Glottolog	mara1399

Asalin wurin yana cikin wani yanki a Malakula, ciki har da bakin teku daga Anuatakh zuwa Lowinsinwei, yankin da ke tsakanin kwarin kogin Lowisinwei, gabar gabashin kogin Brenwei, da wani dutse a kudu da aka sani da Pwitarvere. Tun da wani yanki na yankin Tepe yana kusa da teku, hakan ya bai wa mutanen da ke zaune a yankin damar girbi gishiri da ake amfani da su wajen kasuwanci da mutanen Tirakh. Duk da haka, mutanen Tepe galibi suna rayuwa ne "zuwa daji," ma'ana rayuwarsu ta fi karkata ga kasa duk da cewa suna da damar shiga teku. An nuna hakan a cikin yarensu domin ko da yake suna zaune a bakin teku, zuriyarsu ba su da masaniya sosai ko kuma ba za su iya fitar da wani adadi mai yawa da suka shafi teku ba.

Asali, babu takamaiman suna na yaren Tape. Tef shine sunan yankin da masu magana ke rayuwa a kai yayin da a da ana kiran harshen da vengesien Tepe, ma'ana 'harshen kaset'. Bayan lokaci duk da haka, mutane sun zo don amfani kuma sun gane sunan yaren ya zama "Tape". Har ila yau, wannan harshe yana da ƴan madadin sunaye da aka sani da Marakus, Maragus, Maragaus, da Maraakhus, waɗanda masu magana da harshen Naman waɗanda ke zaune a yankin Litzlitz suka yi amfani da su. Sunan yana da tushe guda biyu, mar (mutumin (wuri)) da aakhus ( daji) kuma idan aka haɗa su wuri ɗaya, fassarar sunan ta zahiri shine 'mutumin daji'.

Fassarar sauti

Wasula

Table 1: Vowel Contrasts

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
Mid	e	ə	o
Low		a

A cikin yaren Tape, akwai jimillar wasula shida /a, e, i, o, u, da ə. / Ko da yake schwa (/ə/) na cikin jerin, akwai muhawara da yawa a kan rawar da schwa ke takawa a cikin harshe.

Kwatanta amfani da /i/ da /e/

• /ičičər/ na nufin '(s) ya share'
• /ičečər/ yana nufin '(s) ya zame'
• /čənin/ na nufin 'hanjinsa/ta
• /čənen/ na nufin 'saboda shi'

Kwatanta amfani da /e/ da /a/

• /niet/ na nufin 'sago'
• /niar/ yana nufin 'casuarina'
• /ipel/ yana nufin '(s) ya shake'
• /ipar/ yana nufin '(s) makaho ne'

Kwatanta amfani da /a/ da /o/

• /maren/ yana nufin 'gobe'
• /mornen/ yana nufin 'hannunsa na hagu'
• /iɣaɣas/ yana nufin sanyi'
• /iɣos/ yana nufin 'da yawa'

Kwatanta amfani da /o/ da /u/

• /ilo/ yana nufin '(s) ya shuka'
• /ilu/ yana nufin '(s) ya yi harbi'
• /nio/ na nufin 'makarantar'
• /niu/ yana nufin 'raɓa'

Banbancin wasiƙa

1. magana, ci
2. irin
3. itil
4. ives
5. ilmu
6. lemjis
7. ji
8. jitl
9. jevet
10. isngel
11. isngel dëmon isimek
12. isngel dëmon iru
13. isngel d'mon itël
14. isngel d'mon ives
15. isngel dëmon ilëm
16. isngel dëmon lëmjis
17. isngel d'mon ji
18. isngel dëmon jitël
19. isngel dëmon jevet
20. ingelru
21. ingelru d'mon isig

Lokacin ƙidaya daga 1-10, yana kama da ƙidaya a cikin kowane harshe inda aka haɗa ma'anar sabani da kalma. Bayan kirga zuwa goma, dole ne mutum ya ƙara kalmar, isngel da dëmon kafin lambobi 1-9 don yin lambobi. Siffar, dëmon, ba ta da ma'ana da kanta a cikin yaren Tape.

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

• Paradisec yana da tarin tarin yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da kayan yaren Maragus