Wikipedia

Harshen benci


Bench (Bencnon, Shenon ko Mernon, wanda ake kira Gimira [3]) yare ne na Arewacin Omotic na ƙungiyar "Gimojan", wanda kusan mutane 174,000 ke magana (a cikin 1998) a yankin Bench Maji na Kudancin Al'ummai, Kasashe, da Yankin Jama'a, a kudancin Habasha, a kusa da garuruwan Mizan Teferi da Shewa Gimira . [3] cikin wata takarda ta 2006, Christian Rapold ya bayyana nau'ikan Bench guda uku (Benchnon, Shenon, da Mernon) a matsayin "...masu fahimta tare... iri-iri na yare ɗaya". [4] shine harshen kakannin mutanen Bench.

Bench
Bencnon
Furucci [bentʂnon]
Asali a Ethiopia
Yanki Bench Maji Zone, SNNPR
'Yan asalin magana
 348,000 Bench Non, 8,000 Mer, 490 She (2007)[1]
kasafin harshe
  • Benc Non (Benesho)
  • Mer (Mieru)
  • She (Kaba)
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 bcq
Glottolog benc1235[2]
Linguasphere 16-BBA-a

[5] cikin bambancin da ba a saba gani ba daga mafi yawan sauran harsuna a Afirka, Bench yana da alamun sautin sautin. Harshen kuma yana [6] mahimmanci saboda yana da sautuna shida, ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan harsuna a duniya waɗanda ke da waɗannan da yawa. Bench yana da nau'in busawa wanda masu magana da maza suka yi amfani da shi, wanda ke ba da izinin sadarwa a kan nesa fiye da Bench da aka yi magana. Ana iya ƙirƙirar ƙaho ta amfani da leɓuna ko kuma a yi shi daga rami da aka kirkira da hannayensu biyu. Bugu [7] ƙari, ana iya sadarwa da wannan nau'in harshe ta hanyar krar mai igiya 5.

Fasahar sauti

gyara sashe

sautin sauti na Bench sune /i e a o u/ .

/˨˧/ sautuna shida: sautunan matakin biyar (lambar 1 zuwa 5 a cikin wallafe-wallafen, tare da 1 shine mafi ƙasƙanci) da sautin tashi 23 / Tian / . Sautin saman wani lokacin ana gane shi azaman babban tashi [8] [[[] . A kan wasula o, su ne //ő ó ō ò ȍ ǒ/ ǒ/

Harshen su ne:

Biyuwa Coronal Palato-alveolar<br id="mwQg"> Retroflex Velar Gishiri
Hanci m n
Plosive Rashin murya p t k ʔ
Magana b d ɡ
Manufar pʼ tʼ kʼ
Rashin lafiya Rashin murya ts tʃ tʂ
Manufar tsʼ tʃʼ tʂʼ
Fricative Rashin murya s ʃ ʂ h
Magana z ʒ Sanya
Trill r
Kusanci l j

Duk waɗannan na iya faruwa a cikin palatalized, amma kawai kafin /a/, yana ba da shawarar wani bincike na sautin sauti na shida /ja/. Ana bayar da rahoton ƙididdigar labialized don [p, b, s, ɡ,] da [ʔ], amma matsayin su ba a bayyane yake ba; suna faruwa ne kawai bayan /i/.

Ga phoneme /p/ abubuwan da suka faru na [pʰ] da [f] suna cikin bambancin kyauta; /j/ yana da allophone [w] a gaban wasula na baya.

Tsarin syllable shine (C) V (C) (C) + sautin ko (C) N (C), inda C ke wakiltar kowane ma'ana, V kowane wasali, N kowane hanci, kuma ƙuƙwalwa wani zaɓi. CC clusters sun kunshi ci gaba da biye da plosive, fricative, ko affricate; a cikin CCC clusters, na farko consonant dole ne ya zama ɗaya daga /r/ /j/ /m/ /p/ ko /pʼ/, na biyu ko dai /n/ ko fricative mara murya, kuma na uku /t/ ko /k/.

Harshen harshe

gyara sashe

Sunaye

gyara sashe

Za'a iya samar da jam'i ta hanyar ƙara ma'anar [-n̄d]; duk da haka, ana amfani da waɗannan da wuya sai dai tare da takamaiman sunaye. Misali: [wű īŋɡn̄d] "dangi"; [ātsn̄dī bá ka̋ŋɡ] "dukan mutane".

Wakilan sunaye

gyara sashe

Wakilan mutum

gyara sashe
Turanci karkatacciyar hanya batun wurin zama vocative
Na [ta] [tān] [Suna da haka]
kai (sg.) [Babu] [nēn] [Ya yi la'akari da] [M.), [M] (f.)
kai (hon.) [Kashi] [Kashi] [Kashi]
shi [Jı̋] [jīs] _
shi (hon.) [ıts] [ıts] [ıts]
ita [wű] [wūs] _
ita (hon.) [ɡēn] [ɡēn] [ɡēn]
kansa / kansa [Ba] [bān] [Suna a shafi]
mu (ban da) [a'a] [ba] [Ya yi la'akari da]
mu (ciki har da) [An yi amfani da shi] [nīn] [Ya yi la'akari da]
kai (pl.) [Kwanan nan] [Kwanan nan] [Kwanan nan]
su [I'anar da aka yi] [I'anar da aka yi] [I'anar da aka yi]

[bá] [bá] ta ɗan wuce kasancewa wakilin tunani; tana iya nuna kowane mutum na uku wanda ke nufin batun jumlar, misali:

Hanyar da ke da alaƙa ita ce ta asali, kuma tana aiki a matsayin abu, mallaka, da adverbial. Tsarin batun yana da bambance-bambance guda uku: na al'ada (wanda aka bayar a sama), mai jaddadawa - wanda aka yi amfani da shi lokacin da batun ya fi shahara a cikin jumla, musamman jumla-da farko - kuma an rage shi, wanda aka yi aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na kalma. Kalmar "locative" tana nufin "zuwa, a, ko don wurin mutum ko gida", misali:

  1. ↑ Samfuri:Ethnologue18
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bench". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Rapold 2006
  4. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  5. ↑ Breeze 1988.
  6. ↑ Wedekind 1983, 1985a, 1985b.
  7. ↑ Wedekind 1983
  8. ↑ Note that this is the East Asian tone numbering convention, and the opposite of the literature for other African languages, where 1 is high and 5 is low. The issue will be avoided here by using IPA diacritics.
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