Harshen Yaaku
Yaaku (wanda aka fi sani da Mukogodo, Mogogodo, Mukoquodo, Siegu, Yaakua, Ndorobo) yare ne na Afroasiatic da ke cikin haɗari na reshen Cushitic, wanda ake magana a Kenya. Masu magana duk tsofaffi .
| Harshen Yaaku | |
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| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
Ana jayayya akan rabe-raben Yaaku a cikin Cushitic, kodayake galibi ana sanya shi a wani wuri a cikin Kushitic ta Gabas . Yana da bambanci a cikin lexicostatistically, kasancewar Maasai ya rinjayi shi kuma watakila ma da wani yanki da ba a san shi ba, amma yana nuna kamanceceniya da harsunan Arboroid . [1] Bender (2020) ya haɗa da shi azaman memba na Arboroid.
Halin harshe
gyara sasheMutanen Yaaku tsoffin mafarauta ne kuma masu kiwon kudan zuma . Sun rungumi al'adun makiyaya na Maasai a farkon rabin karni na ashirin, kodayake wasu har yanzu suna ajiye kudan zuma. Sakamakon haka, yaku ya kusan barin yaren su gaba ɗaya don yaren Maa na ƙabilar Maasai masu rinjaye (ciki har da Samburu ) tsakanin 1925 zuwa 1936. Irin nau'in Maa da suke magana ana kiran su Mukogodo-Maasai . Har yanzu ana samun tsoffin kalmomin Yaaku a cikin ƙamus na kiwon kudan zuma, misali:
- [sɪka] — 'honey' (cf. Maasai en-aisho o lotorrok)
- [íno] — 'greater honeyguide (Indicator indicator)' (compare Maasai n-cɛshɔrɔ-î)
- [kantála] — 'wooden honey container (about 60 cm)'
An fara yunkurin farfado da harshe a tsakanin Yaku a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da nufin karfafa sunan Yaaku. A farkon 2005, Maarten Mous, Hans Stoks da Matthijs Blonk sun ziyarci Doldol bisa gayyatar kwamitin Yaaku na musamman, don sanin ko akwai isasshen ilimin Yaaku da aka bari a cikin mutane don farfado da harshen. Wannan ziyarar ta nuna akwai wasu ƴan ƙwararrun masu magana da yaku da gaske, dukansu tsofaffi: mata biyu da ake kira Roteti da Yaponay, bi da bi, da wani mutum mai suna Legunai. Na ƙarshe biyun duka na shekarun Terito ne, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne su kasance kusan shekaru ɗari. Ilimin ƙamus ya yaɗu sosai a cikin al'umma. Cikakkun farfaɗowar harshe ba zai yuwu ba saboda ƙarancin masu iya magana, amma ɗaya daga cikin yuwuwar sake farfaɗo da ɓangarori shine a yi amfani da ƙamus na Yaaku a cikin tsarin nahawu Maa, dabarar da ta yi daidai da yin Mbugu, gauraye harshe na Dutsen Usambara a Tanzaniya .
Bayanan kula
gyara sashe- ↑ Blažek, Václaf. 1997. Cushitic lexicostatistics: the second attempt. Afroasiatica Neapolitana. Papers from the 8th Italian Meeting of Afroasiatic (Hamito-Semitic) Linguistics., 171–188. ed. Alessandro Bausi & Mauro Tosco. (Studi Africanistici Serie Etiopica 6.) Naples: Instituto Universitario Orientalie.
Manazarta
gyara sashe- Brenzinger, Matthias (1992) 'Tsarin Lexical a cikin canjin harshe', a cikin Brenzinger, Matthias (ed.) Mutuwar Harshe: Haƙiƙa da Ƙididdigar Ƙira tare da Magana na Musamman ga Gabashin Afirka . Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 213 – 254.
- Heine, Bernd (1974/75) 'Notes on the Yaaku language (Kenya)', Afrika und Übersee, 58(1), 27 – 61; 58 (2), 119 – 138.
- Heine, Bernd & Brenzinger, Matthias (1988) ' Bayanan kula akan yaren Mukogodo na Maasai', Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere, 14, 97 – 131.
- Mous, Maarten & Stoks, Hans & Blonk, Matthijs (2005) 'De laatste sprekers' [masu magana na ƙarshe], a cikin Indigo, tijdschrift kan inheemse volken [jarida akan mutanen ƴan asalin], shafi. – .
- Sommer, Gabriele (1992) 'Bincike kan mutuwar harshe a Afirka', a cikin Brenzinger, Matthias (ed.) Mutuwar Harshe: Factual and Theoretical Exploration with Special Reference to East Africa . Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 301 – 417.