Harshen Kulung (Nepal)
Kulung (autonym : Kulu riŋ, [kulu rɪŋ]) ɗaya ne daga cikin harsunan Kiranti; kimanin mutane 33,000 ne ke magana. Van Driem (2001) ya haɗa da Chukwa a matsayin yare.
| Harshen Kulung | |
|---|---|
| |
Devanagari (en)  | |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
kle |
| Glottolog |
kulu1253[1] |
Wurare gyara sashe
Kulung a wasu ƙauyuka goma da ke saman kogin Huṅga ko Hoṅgu (wani raƙuman ruwa na Dūdhkosī), a cikin gundumar Solukhumbu na Sagarmāthā Zone, Nepal . Babban ƙauyukan da ke jin Kulung sune Chhemsi da Chheskam . Yare na musamman na yaren da ake magana da su a waɗannan ƙauyuka biyu, Kulung suna ɗaukar yare mafi asali na harshensu. Daga ƙasa, a ɓangarorin biyu na kogin Huṅga, a ƙauyukan da a yanzu ake kira Luchcham, Gudel, Chocholung, Nāmluṅg, Pilmo, Bung, Chhekmā, da Sātdi, ana magana da ire-iren Kulung marasa daraja.
Ethnologue ya lissafa garuruwan Kulung kamar haka:
- Kwarin kogin Hongu, gundumar Solukhumbu, yankin Sagarmatha : Bung, Pelmang, Chhemsing, Chheskam, Lucham, Chachalung, Satdi, Gudel, Namlung, Sotang, da Chekma
- Gundumar Sankhuwasabha, Kosi Zone : Mangtewa, Yaphu, and Seduwa VDCs
- Gundumar Bhojpur, Kosi Zone : Phedi, Limkhim, Khartanga, da Wasepla VDCs
Fassarar sauti gyara sashe
Yaruka na yaren Kulung sun haɗa da Sotang (Sotaring, Sottaring), Mahakulung, Tamachhang, Pidisoi, Chhapkoa, Pelmung, Namlung, da Khambu. Kulung ya bambanta tsakanin wasula takwas da diphthong 11 . Akwai jerin tasha guda uku: dorsovelar, hakori, da labial, kowane jeri yana da maras murya mara buri, mai buri mara murya, da bambance-bambancen murya mara buri. Akwai sautin hanci guda uku, masu kusantar guda huɗu, ɗaya mai ƙarfi, ɗaya mai ɓacin rai, da ƙazafi uku .
Wasula gyara sashe
Kulung yana da gajerun wasali shida da dogayen wasula shida:
| Gaba | Tsakiya | Baya | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| Kusa | i | iː | u | uː | ||
| Tsakar | e | eː | ə | əː | ɔ | ɔː |
| Bude | a | aː | ||||
- Wasalan gaba da na tsakiya ba su da zagaye, yayin da wasulan na baya suna zagaye.
Consonants gyara sashe
| Bilabial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| mara murya mara buri | p | t | tɕ | k | ʔ | |
| murya | b | d | dʑ | g | ||
| mara murya | pʰ | tʰ | tɕʰ | kʰ | ||
| Masu saɓo | mara murya | s | ||||
| murya | ɦ | |||||
| Kaɗa | ɾ | |||||
| Kimanin | w | l | j | |||
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Kulung". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.