Hamada
Hamada ko Sahara yanki ne na fili wanda ba a samun hazo sosai, kuma sakamakon haka, yanayin rayuwa ya kasance abin kyama ga tsirrai da na dabbobi. Rashin ciyayi yana fallasa yanayin da ba a kiyaye shi ba a cikin tsarin karar. Kimanin kashi daya bisa uku na farfajiyar kasa ta bushe ko rabin-kasa.[1]
 Illar hamada,zaizayar kasa da kuma ambaliyar ruwa a kasar Hausa. |
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Samuwa
gyara sashe
Ana samar da hamada ta hanyar aukuwar lalacewa yayin da manyan canje -canje a yanayin zafi tsakanin dare da rana ke sanya damuwa a kan duwatsu, wanda a sakamakon haka ya fashe. Ko da yake ba kasafai ake samun ruwan sama a cikin jeji ba, amma ana samun ruwan sama na lokaci -lokaci wanda zai iya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa.[2] Ruwan sama a kan duwatsu masu zafi na iya sa su farfashe, sakamakon gutsuttsuran da barna da aka yaɗa a kan hamadar iska na kara lalata su. Wannan yana daukar barbashi na yashi da kura, wadanda za su iya kasancewa cikin iska na dogon lokaci – wani lokacin yana haifar da samuwar guguwar yashi ko guguwar kura. Gurasar yashi mai iska da ke bugun duk wani abu mai karfi a tafarkin su na iya rage farfajiyar Kalamar daji a Turane wato hamada da kuma ta Romance cognates (ciki har da Italian da Portuguese deserto, Faransa hamada da kuma Spanish desierto) duk zo daga ecclesiastical Latin dēsertum (asali "wani watsi da wuri"), a participle na dēserere, "to bari". Hadin kai tsakanin rashin karfi da yawan jama'a yana da rikitarwa kuma mai karfi, ya bambanta da al'ada, zamanin, da fasaha; don haka amfani da kalmar hamada na iya haifar da rudani.[3] A cikin Ingilishi kafin karni na 20, galibi ana amfani da hamada a cikin ma'anar "yanki mara yawan jama'a", ba tare da takamaiman magana game da rashin karfi ba; amma a yau kalmar galibi ana amfani da ita a mahangar ilimin yanayi-yanki (yanki na karancin hazo). Kalmomi kamar "tsibirin hamada" da "Babban Hamada ta Amurka", ko kuma "hamada na Shakespeare na Bohemia " (The Winter's Tale) a cikin karni da suka gabata ba lallai bane ya nuna yashi ko kura; abinda suka fi mayar da hankali shi ne yawan jama'a.[4]
Kalubale
gyara sasheHamada dai na zaman wani babban kalubale dake tunkarar kasar hausa a wannan zamanin, ganin Yadda ake cigaba da sare bishiyoyi batare da kokarin dasa wadansu ba, wannan ya kara kawo mana matsalar ruwa a rafuka, koguna da rijiyoyi da dama. Ba anan abun ya tsaya ba hatta amfanin gona wasu da yawa sun tashi daga yankin saboda zaizayar kasa da take kwashe albarkatun kasa, wanda yanzu haka ambaliyar ruwa ma a duk shekara ta kan yi ma garuruwan kasar hausa da yawa barazana saboda cikewar da matattarar ruwaye ta yi a yankin.[5]
A mahangar Ilmin kimiyyar duniya
gyara sasheHamada yanki ne na kasar da ta bushe sosai saboda tana samun karancin hazo (galibi a cikin ruwan sama, amma yana iya zama dusar kankara, hazo ko hazo), galibi ba ta da karancin daukar hoto ta tsire-tsire, kuma a cikinta rafuffuka ke bushewa, sai dai idan an kawo musu ruwa daga wajen yankin.[6] Gabadaya hamada suna karbar kasa da 250 millimetres (10 in) na hazo a kowace shekara. Mai yuwuwar watsa ruwa na iya zama babba amma (idan babu ruwan da ake samu) ainihin kakkarfan iskar na iya zama kusan sifili. Semi-hamada sune yankuna wadanda ke karbar tsakanin 250 and 500 millimetres (10 and 20 in) kuma lokacin da aka lullube cikin ciyawa, wadannan ana kiransu steppes.[7]
Yawan hamada a duniya da Nahiyoyi
gyara sasheNahiyar Afrika
gyara sasheNahiyar Turai
gyara sasheNahiyar Asia
gyara sasheDuniya baki daya
gyara sasheManazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ Harper, Douglas (2012). "Desert". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2013-05-12
- ↑ Desert". The Free Dictionary. Farlex. Retrieved 2013-05-12
- ↑ Desert Island". The Free Dictionary. Farlex. Retrieved 2013-05-12
- ↑ Meinig, Donald W. (1993). The Shaping of America: A Geographical Perspective on 500 Years of History, Volume 2: Continental America, 1800–1867. Yale University Press. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-300-05658-7.
- ↑ a b Marshak (2009). Essentials of Geology, 3rd ed. W.W. Norton & Co. p. 452. ISBN 978-0-393-19656-6
- ↑ Precipitation and evapotranspiration" (PDF). Routledge. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- ↑ a b Smith, Jeremy M. B. "Desert". Encyclopædia Britannica online. Retrieved 2013-09-24.