Greenville
Greenville (/ ˈɡriːnvɪl /; a gida / ˈɡriːnvəl /) birni ne, da ke a yankin, kuma kujerun yankin Greenville County, na Kudancin Carolina, na Amurka.Tare da kimanin mutane 70,635 kamar na 2019, shine birni na shida mafi girma a cikin jihar. Greenville yana da kusan rabin tsakanin Atlanta, Georgia, da Charlotte, North Carolina, tare da babbar hanyar 85, kuma babban birninta ya hada da Interstates 185 da 385. Greenville shine birni na huɗu mafi saurin ci gaba a Amurka tsakanin 2015 da 2016, a cewar Ofishin alkaluman Amurka. Yawan yankuna da ke kewaye ya kasance 400,492 kamar na 2010, yana mai da shi na uku-mafi girma a cikin birane a cikin South Carolina da kuma ci gaba cikin sauri. Greenville shine birni mafi girma a cikin Yankin Metididdigar Metropolitan na Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin. MSA tana da yawan mutane 920,477 a cikin 2019, yana mai da ita mafi girma a South Carolina kuma na uku mafi girma a cikin Carolinas. Greenville ita ce birni mafi girma a cikin villeididdigar Greenididdigar Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, wani yanki na gundumomi 10 na arewa maso yammacin South Carolina da aka sani da "The Upstate". A cewar ensusidayar Bureauidaya ta Amurka, CSA tana da yawan mutane 1,475,235 kamar na 2019, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama CSA mafi girma a cikin jihar.
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Tarihi Daga Cherokee Land zuwa Gundumar Greenville Falls Park da McBee's Mill a cikin 1844. Ofasar Greenville ta yau ta kasance filin farauta na Cherokee, wanda aka haramta wa masu mulkin mallaka. Wani hamshakin mai kudi daga Virginia mai suna Richard Pearis ya isa South Carolina a wajajen 1754 kuma ya kulla dangantaka da Cherokee. Pearis yana da ɗa tare da matar Cherokee kuma ya karɓi eka dubu 100 (ar 40,000) daga Cherokee a kusa da 1770. Pearis ya kafa shuka a kan Kogin Reedy da ake kira Great Plains a cikin garin Greenville na yanzu. Juyin Juya Halin Amurka ya raba ƙasar Kudancin Carolina tsakanin Masu biyayya da Patan ƙasa. Pearis ya goyi bayan yalan Aminci kuma tare da ƙawayensu, Cherokee. Bayan Cherokee ya kai hari ga Patriots, Patriots sun rama ta hanyar kona gonar Pearis kuma suka kulle shi a Charleston. Pearis bai sake komawa gonarsa ba amma an kira sunan tsaunin Paris da shi. Yarjejeniyar Kusurwa ta Dewitt a cikin 1777 ta ba da kusan duk ƙasar Cherokee, gami da Greenville ta yau, zuwa South Carolina. An kirkiro gundumar Greenville ne a shekarar 1786. Wasu kafofin sun bayyana cewa an sanya mata sunan ne saboda kamanninta, yayin da wasu kuma suka ce an sanya wa yankin sunan Janar Nathanael Greene ne don girmama aikinsa a yakin juyin juya halin Amurka. Lemuel J. Alston ya zo Gundumar Greenville a cikin 1788 kuma ya sayi kadada 400 (160 ha) da wani yanki na tsohuwar shukar Pearis. A cikin 1797 Alston yayi amfani da mallakar ƙasarsa don kafa ƙauye mai suna Pleasantburg inda ya kuma gina katafaren gida. A 1816, Vardry McBee ya sayi ƙasar Alston, wanda kuma ya bayar da hayar gidan Alston din don hutun bazara, kafin ya gina gidan daga 1835 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1864. An ɗauka shi ne mahaifin Greenville, McBee ya ba da gudummawar ƙasa don gine-gine da yawa kamar su coci-coci, makarantu, da kuma injin auduga. McBee ne ya dauki nauyin Jami'ar Furman wanda ya taimaka aka kawo jami'ar zuwa Greenville daga Winnsboro, South Carolina a 1851. A 1853 McBee da sauran shugabannin Greenville County sun ba da gudummawar sabuwar hanyar jirgin kasa da ake kira Greenville da Columbia Railroad. Greenville ya bunkasa zuwa kusan 1,000 a cikin 1850s saboda haɓakar gudummawar McBee da kuma jan hankalin garin a matsayin wurin hutu na baƙi. A cikin Pleasantburg an haɗa shi azaman Greenville.
Terarshen karni na 19 Greenville da Railway na Arewa a cikin 1890s wanda aka canza shi zuwa Swamp Rabbit Trail a cikin 2010.A watan Disamba 1860 Greenville ya goyi bayan babban taro don mahawara kan batun ballewa daga Kudancin Carolina. Yankin Greenville ya tura James Furman, William K. Easley, Perry E. Duncan, William H. Campbell, da James P. Harrison a matsayin wakilan taron. A ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1860, babban taron jihar South Carolina, tare da wakilan Greenville, suka kada kuri’ar ballewa daga Tarayyar. Greenungiyar Greenville ta ba da sojoji sama da 2,000 ga Statesungiyar edeasashe. Garin ya ba da abinci, tufafi, da bindigogi ga edeungiyoyin edeungiyoyi. Greenville bai ga wani aiki ba daga yaƙin har zuwa 1865 lokacin da sojojin Union suka zo ta cikin garin suna neman Shugaba Jefferson Davis na edeungiyoyin edeungiyoyi waɗanda suka gudu kudu daga Richmond, Virginia. A watan Yunin 1865 Andrew Johnson ya nada ɗan asalin County Benjaminville Benjamin Franklin Perry a matsayin Gwamnan South Carolina. A watan Fabrairu 1869, Babban taron Majalisar S. C. wanda ya kafa Greenville, garin, birni ne ya gyara kundin tsarin mulkin garin Greenville. Gine-gine ya bunƙasa a cikin 1870s kamar kafa gada a kan Kogin Reedy, sabbin masarufi a kan kogin da sabbin hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa. An kafa Greenville News ne a cikin 1874 a matsayin jaridar farko ta Greenville ta yau da kullun. Southern Bell sun saka layukan tarho na farko a cikin garin. Mafi mahimman abubuwan more rayuwa da suka zo garin sune masana'antar auduga. Manyan sanannun kasuwancin auduga sun yi aiki kusa da Greenville wanda ya mai da shi garin niƙan garin auduga. Zuwa shekarar 1915 Greenville ya zama sananne da "Cibiyar Masakar ta Kudu Daga shekarar 1915 zuwa 2004, garin ya karbi bakuncin wani muhimmin bikin baje kolin kayayyakin masaku, watau Bayyanar Kudancin Kudu.
20th karni Babban titin kusa da 1910 A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, Greenville ya kasance cibiyar sansanin horar da sojoji. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya an faɗaɗa ayyukan kasuwanci tare da sabbin gidajen silima da manyan shagunan kasuwa. An rusa Gidan ansionasa kuma an maye gurbinsa da Poinsett Hotel a 1925. Babban Tsananin Cutar ya cutar da tattalin arzikin Greenville wanda ya tilasta masana'antun barin ma'aikata. Jami’ar Furman da Kwalejin Mata ta Greenville suma sun yi gwagwarmaya cikin durkushewar tattalin arziki wanda hakan ya tilasta musu hadewa a shekarar 1933. Yajin aikin Ma’aikatan yadika a shekarar 1934 ya haifar da irin wannan hayaniya a cikin gari da biranen da ke kusa da masu nika wanda ya zama dole ne Sojojin Kasa su shawo kan hargitsin. Sabuwar Yarjejeniya ta kafa Filin Wasannin Sirrine da sabon Makarantar Highville High School. An kafa sansanin sojin sama na Greenville Army a 1942 a lokacin yakin duniya na II wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban Greenville. Greenville Main Post Office A ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 1947, wasu gungun galibin direbobin motocin tasi suka dauke shi, wani bakar fata da ake zargi da dabawa wani direban tasi wuka, daga dakin da yake kurkuku kuma suka kashe shi. An fara shari’ar maza farare talatin da daya a kan laifin; yawancin wadanda ake tuhumar sun sanya hannu kan ikirari, da yawa daga cikinsu sun sanya sunan Roosevelt Carlos Hurd a matsayin shugaban masu zanga-zangar da kuma mutumin da ya kashe Earle da bindiga. Ranar 21 ga Mayu, 1947, masu yanke hukunci na wasu fararen fata 12 sun yanke hukuncin rashin laifi ga kowane mai kare su.Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II tattalin arzikin Greenville ya haɓaka tare da kafa sabbin shaguna a cikin gari da faɗaɗa iyakokin birni. Jami'ar Furman ta ninka yawan dalibanta kuma ta koma sabon wuri. An kafa manyan makarantu kamar su Jami'ar Bob Jones a 1947 da Kwalejin Fasaha ta Greenville a 1962 a Greenville. An kafa Filin Jirgin Sama na Greenville – Spartanburg a Greer na kusa a cikin 1962. Tattalin arzikin Greenville a ƙarshe ya ɓace a cikin 1970s yana barin fanko a cikin garin Greenville saboda jirgin da yawa yan kasuwa suka yi. Magajin gari Max Heller sannan ya sake farfado da cikin garin Greenville tare da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Greenville County da Hughes Main Library. Daga nan aka sauya Main Street zuwa hanya mai layi biyu wacce aka yi layi da bishiyoyi da titunan titi. Tare da tallafin tarayya na 1978, an gina cibiyar taro da otal, wanda ya kawo kasuwancin yankin.
Labarin kasa Greenville tana a 34 ° 50'40 ″ N 82 ° 23′8 ″ W (34.844313, −82.385428), daidai yake tsakanin Atlanta (mil mil 145 (nisan 233 kudu maso yamma), da Charlotte, North Carolina (mil mil 100) [Kilomita 160] arewa maso gabas). Columbia, babban birnin jihar, tana da nisan mil 100 (kilomita 160) zuwa kudu maso gabas. Cikin gari Greenville daga iska Greenville tana cikin tsaunukan tsaunukan Blue Ridge, wani yanki ne na yanayin tsaunukan tsaunukan Appalachian, kuma ya haɗa da ƙananan tsaunuka da yawa. Mountain tsaunin Sassafras, wuri mafi girma a Kudancin Carolina, yana arewacin Pickens County, ƙasa da mil 40 (kilomita 64) arewa maso yamma na Greenville. Yawancin gidajen telebijin da hasumiyar gidan rediyo suna kan Dutsen Paris, na biyu mafi shahara a wurin, mil 8 (kilomita 13) arewa da garin Greenville. Bisa ga Cidayar Ofishin ensusidaya na Amurka, Greenville tana da jimillar yanki na murabba'in mil 28.8 (74.6 km2), wanda a cikin murabba'in kilomita 28.7 (74.3 km2) ƙasa ce kuma murabba'in mil 0.2 (0.4 km2), ko 0.51%, ruwa ne. 23] Kogin Reedy, wani yanki ne na Kogin Saluda, yana ratsa tsakiyar garin.
Greenville yana cikin Yankin Laifi na Brevard kuma yana da ƙananan ƙananan girgizar ƙasa lokaci-lokaci.
Yanayi Greenville, kamar yawancin yankin Piedmont na kudu maso gabashin Amurka, yana da yanayin yanayin ruwa mai zafi (Köppen Cfa), tare da yanayi guda huɗu; garin na cikin USDA Hardiness zone 7b / 8a. Winters gajere ne kuma gabaɗaya yana da sanyi, tare da matsakaicin matsakaiciyar Janairu a kowace rana na 42.2 ° F (5.7 ° C). A matsakaita, akwai dare 59 a kowace shekara waɗanda ke sauka zuwa ƙasa da daskarewa, kuma kwana 1.3 ne kawai waɗanda suka kasa tashi sama da daskarewa. [25] Afrilu shine watanni mafi bushewa, tare da matsakaita na inci 3.36 (mm 85) na hazo.
Yanayin bazara suna da zafi da zafi, tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin rana a watan Yuli na 79.9 ° F (26.6 ° C). Akwai matsakaita kwanaki 43 a kowace shekara tare da tsawo ko sama da 90 ° F (32 ° C). [25] Rikodin rikodin hukuma ya fara daga 107 ° F (42 ° C) a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2012, zuwa -6 ° F (-21 ° C) a Janairu 30, 1966; Matsakaicin rikodin sanyi a kowace rana shine 19 ° F (-7 ° C) a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 1917, yayin da, akasin haka, mafi ƙarancin rikodin rikodin yau da kullun shine 80 ° F (27 ° C) a ranar 12 ga Yuli, 1937, na ƙarshe na lokuta uku [25] Matsakaicin taga don daskarewa yanayin yanayi shine 4 ga Nuwamba zuwa 1 ga Afrilu, yana ba da damar tsiro na 217.
Kusan yawan ruwan sama ba kasafai yake faruwa ba a lokacin kaka fiye da lokacin bazara kuma, a matsakaici, Greenville yana karɓar inci 47.2 (1,200 mm) na hazo a kowace shekara, wanda ake rarraba shi daidai a ko'ina cikin shekara, kodayake lokacin rani yana da ɗan kaɗan; yanayin ruwan sama na shekara shekara ya kasance daga 31.08 a cikin (789 mm) a 2007 zuwa 72.53 a (1,842 mm) a cikin 1908. [25] Bugu da kari, akwai matsakaicin inci 4.7 (11.9 cm) na dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ke faruwa galibi daga Janairu zuwa Maris, tare da ƙanƙarar ƙanƙara da ke faruwa a Nuwamba ko Afrilu. Frequentarin ruwan guguwa da kankara mai hade da ruwan sama suna faruwa a yankin Greenville; saukar dusar kankara ta wani yanayi a tarihi ya kasance daga adadin da aka gano kamar kwanan nan kamar yadda 2011-12 zuwa 21.4 a cikin (54 cm) a cikin 1935-36. Waɗannan guguwar na iya yin babban tasiri a yankin, saboda galibi suna jan ƙafafun bishiya a kan layukan wutar kuma suna sa tuki cikin haɗari.
Doka da gwamnati Hallin garin Greenville Garin Greenville ya karɓi tsarin Majalissar-Manajan gwamnatin birni a shekarar 1976. Majalisar ta Greenville City ta ƙunshi magajin gari da mambobin majalisar shida. Magajin gari da membobin majalissar biyu an zaba su baki daya yayin da aka zabi sauran mambobin majalisar daga gundumomi masu mambobi daya. Kotun Karamar Hukumar ta Greenville tana kula da take hakki na laifi, keta haddi, da kuma keta dokar gari. Ya zuwa shekarar 2021, magajin garin shine Knox H. White, wanda yake wannan matsayin tun watan Disambar 1995. An kafa Ma'aikatar 'Yan Sanda ta Greenville a 1845 a matsayin thean sanda na Greenville. A shekara ta 1876 Policean Sanda na Greenville sun zama Ma'aikatar 'Yan Sanda ta Greenville. A cikin 1976 Ofishin 'yan sanda na Greenville ya koma cikin Cibiyar Kula da Dokoki ta Greenville County tare da Ma'aikatar Sheriff ta Greenville County. Ofishin ‘yan sanda na Greenville yana yiwa Greenville hidima tare da ma’aikata kusan 241 tare da jami’ai da aka rantsar da su 199.Gundumomi 22-25 na Majalisar Wakilai ta Kudu ta Kudu suna ɗaukar sassan Greenville, kamar yadda gundumomin majalisar dattijai na jihar ke yi 6-8. Garin yana cikin gundumar majalisa ta 4 ta Kudu ta Carolina, wanda William Timmons ya wakilta tun daga 2019.
Jan hankali A matsayin gari mafi girma a cikin Upstate, Greenville yana ba da ayyuka da yawa da jan hankali. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Greenville da wuraren taron a kai a kai suna karɓar manyan kide kide da rangadi da kamfanonin wasan kwaikwayo. Gidaje huɗu masu zaman kansu suna gabatar da wasannin kwaikwayo da yawa a shekara.
Wuraren taro Bon Secours Wellness Arena Bon Secours Wellness Arena, gidan Greenville Swamp Zomaye na ECHL, filin wasa ne mai kujeru 16,000 a cikin garin Greenville wanda aka buɗe a 1998 a matsayin Bi-Lo Center. [32] Peace Center, cibiyar wasan kwaikwayon wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya haɗa da zauren kade kade tare da kujeru 2,100 da wurin zama na wasan kwaikwayo 400. [33] Timmons Arena, wurin zama mai yawan kujeru 5,000 a harabar Jami'ar Furman. Filin Fluor a Yammacin ,arshe, gidan ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa ta Greenville Drive, Classungiyar Class-A reshen Boston Red Sox. Filin wasan an tsara shi don ya maimaita abubuwa da yawa na Fenway Park, gidan gidan kula da iyaye, gami da wakilcin Fenway's Green Monster wanda ke tsaye ƙafa 30 (tsayin mita 9.1) a filin hagu. [35] Cibiyar Taron TD, babban taro mai fadin murabba'in kafa 280,000 (26,000 m2) da kuma wurin taro wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1964 a matsayin sabon jerin jerin Majami'un Yadi, asalinsu sun fara ne a shekarar 1915 a matsayin Kudancin Yankunan Kudancin. [36] Gidan Kofi na Karkashin Kasa (wanda aka kafa a 1995 gidan wasan kwaikwayo ne mai kujeru 75 wanda ke dauke da nishadi kai tsaye gami da Alchemy Improv Comedy, Wits End Poetry Abubuwan da suka faru a daren Lahadi (tun daga 2002), live music, tsayuwa mai tsayi, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru a littafin.
AlamuGr eenville Zoo Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi Falls Park a kan Reedi Mills Mill ya canza zuwa manyan gidajen haya Falls Park a kan Reedy, wani babban yankin shakatawa a West End tare da lambuna da ruwa da yawa, tare da samun damar zuwa Swamp Rabbit Trail. An keɓe shi a 2004, wurin shakatawa na dala miliyan 15.0 gida ne ga Liberty Bridge, gadar dakatar da masu tafiya a ƙafa suna kallon Kogin Reedy. Ci gaban dajin ya haifar da ci gaban $ 75 miliyan na jama'a-masu zaman kansu, Riverplace, kai tsaye ta hanyar Main Street. An kira Falls Park wurin haifuwar Greenville, amma a tsakiyar karni na 20 yankin ya kasance cikin mummunan rauni, kuma an gina Gadar Camperdown a duk faɗin Falls, yana hana gani. A tsakiyar 1980s, Birnin ya amince da wani babban shiri na wurin shakatawar, wanda ya kai ga cire Gadar Camperdown da kuma samar da hanyar yin gyare-gyare da yawa, don haɗa da kadada 20 (81,000 m2) na lambuna da kuma Liberty Bridge. Duk da yake an gina gadoji tare da tsarin tsari iri ɗaya a Turai, Liberty Bridge babu irinta a cikin yanayin yanayin sa. Gidan kayan gargajiya na Greenville County na Kwarewa akan fasahar Amurka, akai-akai tare da hangen nesa na Kudancin da ya samo asali tun ƙarni na 18. Andrew Wyeth da Jasper Johns ne suka lura dashi saboda tarin kayan aikinsa, da kuma tarin zamani wanda yake dauke da manyan mutane kamar Andy Warhol, Georgia O'Keeffe, da sauransu. Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Roper Mountain tana gida ne mai dauke da madubin hangen nesa na 23, wanda shi ne na takwas mafi girma a cikin Amurka. An kafa gidan shakatawa na Greenville a shekara ta 1960 kuma yana cikin Cleveland Park.
Ilimi Greenville County Hughes Babban Laburaren Makarantun gwamnati Gundumar Makarantar County ta Greenville ita ce gundumar makaranta mafi girma a cikin jihar ta South Carolina kuma ita ce ta tara a gundumar ta 49 mafi girma a Amurka, tare da manyan makarantu 14, da makarantun tsakiya 18, da kuma makarantun firamare 50 a cikin gundumar. Tare da kasafin kuɗin 2012 na dala miliyan 426, gundumar tana amfani da malamai 5,200, 63.1% daga cikinsu suna riƙe da digiri na biyu ko mafi girma. Baya ga makarantun gargajiya na gargajiya, yankin cikin gari na Greenville gida ne ga Makarantar Kwalejin Gwamnan Kudancin Carolina don Arts & Humanities, makarantar kwana don matasa masu fasaha.
Koleji da jami’o James B. Duke Library a Jami'ar Furman Greenville tana da kwalejoji da jami'o'i da yawa, gami da Jami'ar Furman, Jami'ar North Greenville, Jami'ar Bob Jones, da Kwalejin Fasaha ta Greenville. Furman ya fara ne a matsayin Furman Academy da Institution of Theology a 1825 mai suna Richard Furman. Makarantar tauhidin ta Furman ta rabu a 1858 kuma ta zama Kudancin Baptist tauhidin Seminary yanzu a Louisville, Kentucky. An kafa Jami'ar North Greenville a 1893 kuma tana da alaƙa da Yarjejeniyar Baptist ta South Carolina. An kafa Jami'ar Bob Jones a shekara ta 1927 ta Bob Jones Sr a matsayin jami'ar Furotesta mai zaman kanta wacce ba darikar ba. An kafa Kwalejin Fasaha ta Greenville a 1962 a matsayin kwalejin fasaha. Jami'ar Clemson tana da haraba a Greenville da ake kira Clemson University International Center for Automotive Research wanda ke mai da hankali kan binciken mota. Makarantar Medicine ta Jami'ar South Carolina Greenville wata makarantar likitanci ce ta shekaru hudu tana aiki a harabar Prisma Health campus.