Gidan ajiye makamai na Toulon

 

Gidan ajiye makamai na Toulon
naval arsenal (en)
Bayanai
Ƙasa	Faransa
Wuri a ina ko kusa da wace teku	Bahar Rum
Mamallaki	French Armed Forces (en)
Wuri
43°07′10″N 5°54′59″E
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Faransa
Administrative territorial entity of France (en)	Metropolitan France (en)
Region of France (en)	Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (en)
Department of France (en)	Var (en)
Arrondissement of France (en)	arrondissement of Toulon (en)
Commune of France (en)	Toulon

Gabaɗaya view of the roadstead of Toulon.

Tashar jiragen ruwa na sojujin na Toulon ( French: arsenal de Toulon </link> ) shi ne babban tashan na sojojin ruwa na Faransa kuma mafi girma na sojojin ruwa a cikin Bahar Rum, a cikin birnin Toulon . Yana rike da mafi yawan sojojin Faransa Force d'action navale, wanda ya hada da jirgin ruwa Charles de Gaulle da kuma jiragen ruwa na harin nukiliya, a cikin duka, sansanin ya ƙunshi fiye da kashi 60% na ton na sojojin ruwa na kasar Faransa, da kimanin 20,000 na aikin soja da na farar hula. a gindi.

A Rade

Rade na Toulon da aka gani daga Saint-Mandrier-sur-Mer

Mai ɗaukar jirgin Charles De Gaulle a cikin Rade na Toulon

Kalmar rade ta fito ne daga tsohuwar kalmar Ingilishi ' Hanyar ,' "wani kariya kusa da bakin teku, ba a rufe shi a matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa, inda jiragen ruwa za su iya tafiya a kan anga." Rade na Toulon yana daya daga cikin mafi kyawun ginshiƙan yanayi a kan Tekun Bahar Rum, kuma mafi girma rade a Turai. An kiyaye shi daga teku ta yankin Giens da yankin Saint-Mandrier-sur-Mer, kuma ana amfani da shi azaman tashar jiragen ruwa tun karni na 15. Rade ya tanadi tashar jiragen ruwa na Saint-Mandrier-sur-Mer, tashar jiragen ruwa na La Seyne-sur-Mer, da kuma tashar jiragen ruwa, ko tashar soja ta Toulon, da tashar kasuwanci.

Tarihi

Duba tashar jiragen ruwa na Toulon a kusa da 1750, na Joseph Vernet .

Tarihin 'zamani' na tashar jiragen ruwa ya fara ne lokacin da Louis XII ya gina Tour Royale a Toulon a 1514. An gina makamin sojan ruwa da filin jirgin ruwa a cikin 1599, kuma an gina ƙaramin tashar jiragen ruwa, Veille Darse, a 1604-1610 don kare jiragen ruwa daga iska da ruwa. Cardinal Richelieu ya kara girman filin jirgin ruwa sosai, wanda ya yi fatan sanya Faransa ta zama karfin sojan ruwa na Bahar Rum. A cikin 1680, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Sakataren Gwamnatin Navy da Mai Kula da Kuɗi na Sarki Louis XIV, ya fara gina tashar jiragen ruwa mafi girma, wanda ake kira Darse Vauban ko Darse Neuve, da filin jirgin ruwa, wanda kwamishinansa na garu Vauban ya tsara. .

A shekara ta 1697, Vauban ya gina igiya mai ban sha'awa, ginin da aka ƙera don yin igiya. Gidan igiyar, wanda har yanzu yana tsaye yana da faɗin mita 20 da tsayin mita 320, an gina shi ta yadda za a iya shimfiɗa igiya gaba ɗaya tsawon ginin yayin da ake murɗe su tare. An ba da ikon yin igiya ta hanyar masu laifi daga kurkukun da ke kusa, Bagne de Toulon, waɗanda suka yi tafiya a cikin wani babban injin tuƙi. Ƙofar nasara (yanzu Gidan Tarihi na Navy) an ƙara shi zuwa Arsenal a 1738.

Har yanzu tashar jiragen ruwa ta Arsenal ta kara girma a cikin karni na 19 da karni na 20. Ginin arsenal du Mourillon ya fara ne a farkon karni na 18, a matsayin fadada manyan makaman Toulon da ke gabar gabas na titin. Har zuwa karni na 20 wannan tsawo yana riƙe da kantin sayar da katako don gina sojojin ruwa na Faransa. Tun daga ƙarshen karni na 19 wannan tashar jirgin ruwa ce ta gina jiragen ruwa na farko na Faransa sannan kuma jiragen ruwa na zamani na farko a duniya.

Scuttling na Faransa rundunar a Toulon a 1942 (aerial view)

Maimakon shiga cikin sojojin Faransa na 'yanci a Arewacin Afirka da kuma guje wa kama da Jamusawa, sojojin Faransa da ke Toulon sun yi wa kansu a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 1942 bisa umarnin Faransanci. A cikin karni na 20th, Mourillon arsenal an sadaukar da shi ne don ayyukan karkashin ruwa a matsayin tashar jirgin ruwa na Faransa har zuwa 1940, sannan na Jamus daga 1940 zuwa 1945, sannan tashar jirgin ruwa da masana'antar torpedo bayan 1945. Kungiyar ta Arsenal ta yi mummunar barna sakamakon harin bam da aka kai a yakin duniya na biyu, amma tun bayan da aka sake ginawa da kuma zamanantar da ita. Yana da busassun busasshen ruwa guda goma sha ɗaya don gyaran jirgin ruwa, biyu mafi girma daga cikinsu sun kai mita 422 da mita 40. Har ila yau Arsenal ita ce babbar tashar jiragen ruwa ta soja ta Faransa, tashar jirgin ruwa na gida na jirgin ruwa Charles de Gaulle , Faransa ta kai hari karkashin ruwa, da sauran jiragen ruwa na Faransa Rum.

Kungiyar Arsenal ba ta bude wa jama'a ba, amma gidan tarihi na Naval da ke kofarsa yana da tarin manya-manyan samfuran jiragen ruwa daga karni na 18, wadanda aka yi amfani da su wajen horar da magajin gadon sarauta a kan teku, da kuma sauran abubuwan tunawa da sojojin ruwa. Ana iya ganin ginin Corderie a gefen titin kusa. Yawon shakatawa na kwale-kwale yana tashi akai-akai daga bakin ruwa, kuma yana ba baƙi damar kallon jiragen ruwa na Faransa da kyau.

Manyan abubuwan more rayuwa

Shigar Nasara na Arsenal na Toulon (1738), yanzu Gidan Tarihi na Naval

Sansanin sojin ya kasu kashi hudu ne, kowanne yana da nasa hanyar shiga teku. Daga gabas zuwa yamma wadannan su ne:

• Castineau ;
• Malbousquet ;
• Misissy ;
• Milhaud.

Na farko yana da manyan kofofin shiga guda biyu :

• kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa na farar hula - babbar kofa, kusa da musée de la marine wanda facade, wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin tarihin tarihi, shi ne wanda ya rigaya zuwa wannan sabuwar kofa. Sabuwar ƙofa tana kusa da arsenal's quai d'honneur da babban facade na yankin tekun Bahar Rum, wanda ke gefen igwa da gilding.
• a ƙofar yamma zuwa tsakiyar garin Toulon - mafi amfani fiye da sauran ƙofar (ba ta da nisan mil 200 daga hanyar fita ta mota zuwa hanyoyi huɗu), yana tabbatar da jigilar kaya da motocin farar hula da na soja daga tushe na iya gudana cikin yardar kaina.

Sauran kofofin guda uku na sakandare kuma ba a yi amfani da su ba, duk da cewa har yanzu ana tsare da su sosai. Zuwa iyakar yamma a cikin kwamitocin La Seyne-sur-Mer da Ollioules sansanin soja yana hulɗa da tashar kasuwanci ta Brégaillon, an haɗa shi da cibiyoyin sadarwa na ƙasa da na yanki don samar da kayan aikin bindigogi da sauran kayayyaki.

Arsenal du Mourillon, kusa da titin hanya, ana samun damar kai tsaye ta hanyar arsenal ta arewa wacce ke da tashar jirgin ruwa har zuwa 1945. Ana samun shiga arsenal ta kudanci ta ƙaramin titin Le Mourillon kusa da masana'antar torpedo da ta bace.

Hanyoyi da layin dogo

Sansanonin sojin sun mallaki fiye da 30 km na tituna, mashigin matakin jirgin ƙasa, fitilun zirga-zirga, alamu, da dai sauransu. Hakanan yana da layin dogo na SNCF wanda ke gudana daga tashar a La Seyne-sur-Mer zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta wuraren ajiyarsa.

Kayan aikin sojan ruwa

Matakan jiragen ruwa na tashar jiragen ruwa na Toulon, daga Gabas zuwa Yamma:

The girmamawa quay

Ana amfani da shi don ɗaukar jiragen ruwa na waje, ko manyan jiragen ruwa. A al'adance, ana amfani da wannan kwarin don girmama manyan jiragen ruwa ta hanyar sanya su a cikin tashar jiragen ruwa na 'yan kasuwa.

Busassun jiragen ruwa guda huɗu da tashar Vauban

Busassun dokin ruwa guda huɗu sun dace don gyare-gyare akan matsakaici zuwa babban sana'a. Ana amfani da tashar jirgin ruwa ta Vaudan azaman mashigar jiragen ruwa (tallafi na ruwa, yaƙin ma'adana, jakunkuna, jiragen sintiri) da manyan jiragen ruwa.

Mississy quay da Malbousquet quay

Harbor jiragen ruwa na harin nukiliya. An yi wa jiragen ruwa da rufin hannu wanda ke rufe jiragen ruwa a lokacin da ake gyara makamansu na nukiliya. Waɗannan tafiye-tafiyen kuma sun ƙunshi busassun docks masu yawa.

Milhaud asalin

Manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na tashar jiragen ruwa, inda jiragen ruwa, jigilar jiragen sama, motocin dakon kaya da jiragen ruwa ke sauka.

Duba kuma

• Fort de Balaguier

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

• Jirgin ruwa da ke tushen Toulon
• Haɗin gwiwar babban kwamandan yankin arrondissement na teku na Toulon
• Labari akan Netmarine
• Dossier a tashar jiragen ruwa na Toulon Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine Archived </link>
• Tarihin arsenal du Mourillon a Toulon