Frederick Lugard
Frederick John Dealtry Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard (Yarayu daga 22 Janairun shekarar 1858 zuwa 11 Afrilu 1945), Anfi saninsa da Sir Frederick Lugard daga tsakanin shekara ta 1901 da 1928, yakasance sojan British ne, Dan'sonkai, Mabincikin Afirka kuma Mai'aiwatar da harkokin mulkin mallaka. Yayi Gwamnan Hong Kong a (1907–1912), Gwamnan karshe na Southern Nigeria Protectorate a (1912–1914), Kwamishinan Birtaniya na farko a Nijeriya, daga (1900–1906) kuma shine Gwamnan karshe daga (1912–1914) na Northern Nigeria Protectorate sannan kuma ba Governor-General of Nigeria daga shekarar (1914 zuwa 1919).
Farkon Rayuwarsa da Karatunsa gyara sashe
An kuma haife Lugard a Madras (now Chennai) dake Indiya, Amma ya girma ne a Worcester, kasar Ingila. Mahaifinsa shine Rev'd Frederick Grueber Lugard, Malamin dake was sojojin Biritaniya wa'azi a Madras, Mahaifiyarsa itace ta uku a wurin mahaifinsa, uwargida Mary Howard (1819–1865), yar'autar Rev'd John Garton Howard (1786–1862), wanda shine karamin yaron landed gentry daga Thorne da Melbourne kusa da York. Lugard yayi Karatunsa ne a Rossall School da kuma Royal Military College, Sandhurst. Sunan 'Dealtry' da ake masa, girmamawa ce ga Thomas Dealtry, abokin mahaifinsa ne.[1]
Aikin Soja gyara sashe
Lugard yafara aikin soja a karkashin 9th Foot (East Norfolk Regiment) a shekara ta 1878, inda yashiga bataliya ta biyu, a kasar Indiya kuma yana cikin wadanda suka jagoranci kaddamar da yaki daban-daban, kamar:
- 2nd Afghan War (1879–1880)
- Sudan campaign (1884–1885)
- Third Burmese War (1886–1887)
Anzabi Lugard dan kasancewa cikin Distinguished Service Order a 1887.[2]
Yakin Karonga gyara sashe
Tsakanin shekarar 1880, wasu ƙungiyar yankasuwan Swahili karkashin Mlozi bin Kazbadema, sun samar da wuraren kasuwanci a shiyar arewa maso yammaci na tabkin Malawi, wanda yahada da wani kurkuku a Chilumba a tabkin daga inda ake dibar ivory da bayi dan tafiya dasu. A shekarar 1883 kamfanin tabkokin Afirka suka Samar da wurin a Karonga domin chanja ivory da kayayyakin kasuwanci a wurin yan'kasuwan Swahili.[3][4]
Hulda yayi tsami tsakanin bangarorin biyu, saboda tsaiko da ake samu a kamfanin wurin Samar da bindigu, alburusai, da sauran kayan kasuwanci, da kuma saboda yan kasuwan Swahili sunfi komawa ga kama bayi, da kai farmaki a wuraren da kamfanin yayi alkawarin basu kariya, daga nan aka fara samun kiyayya har zuwa shekara ta 1887. Jerin kaikawon da aka rika samu a wannan lokacin har zuwa tsakiyar shekara ta 1889, shi akekira da Yakin Karonga, ko kuma a wani lokacinYakin larabawa.[5]
Kamfanin Tabkunan Afirka an kawar da ita a karshen shekara amma saidai a watan Mayun shekarar 1888, Captain Lugard, ya tunzuru daga British Consul dake Mozambique, sai yadawo ya jagoranci yaki da Mlozi, wanda kamfanin Tabkunan Afirka ta dauka nauyi, batare da taimakon Gwamnatin Biritaniya ba.[6]
A watan Mayu zuwa Yulin shekarar 1888 Lugard ya kaddamar da farmaki na farko akan Swahili, a wannan farmakin ne, akayi wa Lugard rauni sannan aka maida shi kudanci.[7][8] Lugard yakai hari na biyu a watan December 1888 zuwa March 1889 itace babba kuma harda 7-pounder gun, wanda yakasa rusa ganuwar, bayan kuma rashin nasaran nan na biyu ne, Lugard yabar yankin Tabkin Malawi yakoma Biritaniya a April 1889.[9][10]
Manazarta gyara sashe
- ↑ cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/126290001/frederick-john_dealtry-lugard%7Ctitle=Sir Frederick John Dealtry Lugard (1858-1945) - Find A Grave Memorial|date=13 June 2018
- ↑ London Gazette |issue=25761 |date=25 November 1887 |page=6374
- ↑ O. J. M. Kalinga, (1980), The Karonga War: Commercial Rivalry and Politics of Survival, Journal of African History, Vol. 21, p. 209
- ↑ J. McCracken, (2012), A History of Malawi, 1859–1966, Woodbridge, James Currey pp. 27, 49. ISBN|978-0-521-21444-5
- ↑ J. McCracken (2012), A History of Malawi, 1859–1966, Woodbridge, James Currey pp. 51-2. ISBN|978-0-521-21444-5
- ↑ F. G. Lugard (1893). The Rise of Our East African Empire, Vol 1: Early Efforts in Nyasaland and Uganda, (1968 reprint), Abingdon, Routledge pp. 48-9. ISBN|0-415-41063-0
- ↑ F. G. Lugard (1893). The Rise of Our East African Empire, Vol 1: Early Efforts in Nyasaland and Uganda, (1968 reprint), Abingdon, Routledge, pp. 66-7. 08033994793.ABA
- ↑ P. T. Terry, (1965). The Arab War on Lake Nyasa 1887-1895, The Nyasaland Journal, Vol. 18, No. 1 pp. 74-5(Part I)
- ↑ F. G. Lugard (1893). The Rise of Our East African Empire, Vol 1: Early Efforts in Nyasaland and Uganda, (1968 reprint), Abingdon, Routledge, pp. 135-6. 08033994793.ABA
- ↑ P. T. Terry, (1965). The Arab War on Lake Nyasa 1887-1895 P. T. Terry, (1965). The Arab War on Lake Nyasa 1887-1895 Part II, The Nyasaland Journal, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 31–33