Durrës

Durrës
	Durrësi (sq)
	;
Wuri
	41°18′48″N 19°26′45″E / 41.3133°N 19.4458°E
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Albaniya
County of Albania (en)	Durrës County (en)
Babban birnin	Kingdom of Albania (en) (1272–1368); Durrës District (en) (–1993); Durrës County (en)
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	113,249 (2011)
• Yawan mutane	2,445.98 mazaunan/km²
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili	46.3 km²
Altitude (en)	0 m
Bayanan tarihi
Mabiyi	Epidamnos (en)
Muhimman sha'ani	Siege of Dyrrhachium (en)
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Lambar aika saƙo	2000
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci	UTC+01:00 ; UTC+02:00 (en)
Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho	052
Wasu abun
Yanar gizo	durres.gov.al

Durrës birni ne na biyu mafi girma a Albaniya.^[1] A shekarar 2011, tana da yawan jama'a 175,110.^[2]

Garin yana kan wurin zama na Romawa na Dyrrachium. Bayan 323 BC Epidamnus-Dyrrhachium ya shiga cikin shiga cikin Illyria na Makidoniya a ƙarƙashin Cassander, wanda ya yi karo da Illyrians a ƙarƙashin Glaukias. Wataƙila birnin mai yiwuwa ƙarƙashin ikon Pyrrhus na Epirus a farkon ƙarni na 3 BC.^[3]

Kamar yawancin sauran Balkans, Dyrrachium da kewayen Dyrraciensis lardin sun sha wahala sosai daga hare-haren barebari a lokacin Hijira. Theodoric the Great, sarkin Ostrogoths ya kewaye shi a cikin 481, kuma a cikin ƙarni da suka biyo baya dole ne ya kawar da kai hare-hare daga Bulgariawa. Maras tasiri da faduwar Daular Rum ta Yamma ba, birnin ya ci gaba a ƙarƙashin daular Byzantine a matsayin muhimmiyar tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma babbar hanyar haɗi tsakanin Daular da yammacin Turai.^[4]

A cikin ƙarni na 11-12, birnin yana da mahimmanci a matsayin ƙarfafa soja da kuma Metropolitan duba maimakon a matsayin babbar cibiyar tattalin arziki kuma bai taba murmurewa marigayi tsohuwar wadata.^[5]

A cikin 1205, bayan yaƙin Crusade na huɗu, an mayar da birnin zuwa mulkin Jamhuriyar Venice, wanda ya kafa "Duchy of Durazzo".^[6]

A farkon karni na 14, haɗin gwiwar Anjous, Hungariyawa, da Albaniyawa na dangin Thopia ne ke mulkin birnin.^[7]

Durrës ya zama batu mai mahimmanci na ciniki tare da Jamhuriyar Venice, musamman a cikin hatsi da man zaitun, kamar yadda karamin jakadan Venetia a birnin ya ruwaito a shekara ta 1769.^[8]

Durrës birni ne mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar 'yanci da ƙasar Albaniya a cikin lokutan 1878-1881 da 1910-1912. Ismail Qemali ya ɗaga tutar Albaniya a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 1912 amma Masarautar Sabiya ta mamaye birnin bayan kwanani uku lokacin Yaƙin Balkan na Farko. A ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 1912 Durrës ya zama gundumar gundumar Durrës ɗaya daga cikin lardunan Masarautar Sabiya wacce aka kafa a ɓangaren ƙasar Albaniya wacce ta mamaye daular Usmaniyya.^[9]

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Farko, Italiya ta mamaye birnin a cikin 1915 da kuma Austriya-Hungary a cikin 1916-1918.^[10]

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na biyu, Durrës da sauran Albaniya an mamaye su a cikin Afrilu 1939 kuma an haɗa su zuwa Mulkin Italiya har zuwa 1943, sannan Nazi Jamus ya mamaya har zuwa kaka 1944.^[11]

Gwamnatin Kwaminisanci ta Enver Hoxha ta sake gina birnin cikin hanzari bayan yakin, tare da kafa manyan masana'antu iri-iri a yankin tare da fadada tashar jiragen ruwa.^[12]

Bayan rugujewar mulkin gurguzu a 1990, Durrës ya zama abin da aka fi mayar da hankali kan ƙaura daga Albaniya tare da sace jiragen ruwa a tashar jiragen ruwa kuma suka tashi da bindiga zuwa Italiya.^[13]

Bayan farkon karni na 21, an sake farfado da Durrës yayin da aka gyara tituna da yawa, yayin da wuraren shakatawa da facade suka fuskanci tashin fuska.^[14]