Dokar 'Yancin Dalibai ta Seoul
Ofishin Ilimi na Seoul Metropolitan ne ya tsara shi[1] tare da tallafin Shugaban Ilimi na Seoul, Kwak No-hyun, a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 2011 kuma an gabatar da shi ga Majalisar Cityan Seoul don la'akari a watan Oktoba, 2011. [2] An sanar da dokar a hukumance a ranar 24 ga Janairu, 2012. [3] Yunkurin aiwatar da dokar Seoul ya zo ne bayan duk lardin Gyeonggi (2010) [4] da birnin Gwangju (2011) [5] sun zartar da dokokinsu. Baya ga tsare-tsare na siyasa na dokar, akwai kungiyoyi da dama da ke ba da ra'ayin a amince da shi, kamar Common Action for Sexual Minority Students and the Youth Human Rights Group, Asunaro . [6] Manufar kudurin Seoul na 'Yancin Student, kamar yadda ya fada a babi na farko, shine "tabbatar da cewa dukkan darajar dalibai da dabi'un 'yan adam sun cika kuma za su iya rayuwa mai 'yanci da farin ciki." Dokar ta ba da tanadi iri-iri da kariya ga ɗaliban da ke halartar kindergartens, makarantun firamare, da manyan makarantu a Seoul. [7] Dokar ta kare ’yancin tunanin ɗalibi da addininsu da kuma ‘yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, wanda ya haɗa da zanga-zanga da zanga-zanga a harabar makaranta. Har ila yau, dokar ta ba da ka'idojin kariya game da wariya dangane da asalin jinsi da yanayin jima'i, cin zarafi na jiki (hukumcin jiki), karatun wajibi bayan sa'o'in makaranta, a tsakanin sauran wasu ƙa'idodin kariya. [8] Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa Dokar Seoul na Haƙƙin ɗalibi ba ta ɗaure ta bisa doka ba, amma tana aiki da yawa azaman takaddar ilimi ga masu gudanar da makaranta a Seoul. [9] Dokar ta kuma tanadi dokoki game da kwamitin kare hakkin dan Adam na dalibai da ke kula da aiwatar da dokar a makarantu, tare da magance batutuwa ko keta da ka iya tasowa yayin da dokar ke aiki. Har ila yau, dokar ta ƙunshi jagororin Kwamitin Halartar ɗalibai, wanda ke nufin wakiltar yawan ɗaliban Seoul dangane da kwamitin 'Yancin Dan Adam na Student.
Dokar 'Yancin Dalibai ta Seoul |
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Rigima da Komawa
gyara sasheDuk da gagarumin goyon bayan jama'a da na siyasa na zartar da Dokar 'Yancin Dalibai na Seoul, akwai lokuta da dama na al'umma da siyasa. Ƙungiyoyi kamar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Malamai ta Koriya (KFTA) sun kalubalanci amincewa da dokar, suna yin nuni da wani ƙuri'ar da kashi 76% na malamai a Seoul suka nuna rashin amincewa da dokar [1] . KFTA ta kuma bayyana cewa haƙƙoƙin yara a makarantar kindergarten bisa ga dokar Seoul, nuni ne na "'yancin ɗan adam populism" da kuma cewa [dokar Seoul] ta yi watsi da aiki da alhakin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam. ” [10] Sauran kungiyoyi kamar kungiyar iyaye mata da ke damun ilimi da ma’aikatar ilimi, kimiya da fasaha (MEST) suma sun nuna adawarsu da dokar. [11]
2017 Gyara
gyara sasheA cikin Satumba, 2017, Majalisar Babban Birnin Seoul ta gyara Dokar Haƙƙin Student na Seoul don faɗaɗa kan tanadi game da maganganun ƙiyayya. An yi wannan matakin ne a yayin da ake ci gaba da nuna damuwa na zagi a makarantun Seoul. [12]
Hukuncin Kofi
gyara sasheKafin aiwatar da Dokar Haƙƙin ɗalibi ta Seoul an sami takamaiman hani kan kowane nau'in hukumci da Ofishin Ilimi na Seoul ya zartar a cikin Yuli 2010. Shugaban ofishin Kwak No-hyun ne ya jagoranta. Babi na 2 Sashi na 2 Labari na 6 (Hakkin 'Yanci daga Tashe-tashen hankula) da 7 (Hakkin Kare Hatsari) su ne sassan kai tsaye waɗanda ke magana game da hukuncin jiki da tashin hankali a cikin dokar. Mataki na 6 a fili ya haramta duk wani zagi na jiki da na baki da suka hada da; hukuncin jiki, cin zarafi, cin zarafin jima'i. Dalibai su kasance masu 'yanci daga bayyana da gangan na bayanan da ka iya haifar da tsangwama saboda ra'ayin wata ƙungiya ko tsirarun jama'a. Dole ne shugaban makarantu ya tabbatar da hana duk wani zagin jiki da na baki kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama. Mataki na 7 ya ce shugabannin makarantu su kula da tsarin kula da tsaro don tabbatar da amincin ɗalibai. Idan duk wani hatsari na faruwa a makaranta, shugabannin makarantar su taimaka wajen ceto wadanda abin ya shafa cikin gaggawa tare da hada kai da hukumomin da abin ya shafa da mazauna yankin don hana barna. [13] An dai yi dokar hana fita kafin a fara aiwatar da wannan doka, amma dukkansu biyun suna da wuyar aiwatar da su, don haka duk da ana ganin hukuncin daurin rai da rai yana da illa ga lafiyar kwakwalwa da karatun dalibai, amma a halin yanzu babu wani abu da zai hana a ci gaba da hakan.
Komawa
gyara sasheMutanen da ke adawa da wannan ka'ida na fargabar cewa haramcin horo na jiki zai sa malamai su rage ikon sarrafa azuzuwan su da kuma azabtar da dalibai masu tashin hankali. [14] Wasu da ke hamayya suna ganin cewa kariyar da dokar ta bayar ba ta da yawa domin an riga an kafa dokar hana wariya da kuma azabtar da jiki. Ana ci gaba da ladabtar da jiki, duk da haramcin da doka, a makarantu masu zaman kansu saboda galibi suna da ɗimbin ƙa'idodi waɗanda ɗaliban da ke zuwa suka yarda da kuma makarantu galibi suna samun izini daga iyaye.
Kariyar LGBT
gyara sasheDokar 'Yancin Dan Adam Studentan Seoul ita ce dokar haƙƙin ɗalibi na farko a Koriya ta Kudu don haɗa kariya kan asalin jinsi. Haɗin kariyar bisa tushen asalin jinsi da yanayin jima'i a cikin Dokar sun kasance mai cike da cece-kuce, tare da ƙungiyoyi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suna jayayya cewa waɗannan kariyar suna haɓaka luwadi da ƙungiyoyin ci gaba waɗanda ke da'awar kariya ta kare ɗaliban LGBT. [15] A cikin 2011, ɗalibai da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa sun haɗa kai don zartar da Dokar Haƙƙin Dan Adam Student na Seoul wanda ya haɗa da kariya bisa tushen ƙarancin jima'i da asalin jinsi. A farkon shekarar 2011, kungiyoyi kamar kungiyar maza ta Koriya ta Chingusai sun fara tattara sa hannun jama'a don nuna goyon baya ga Dokar da kuma gudanar da bukukuwan sanya hannu. An shirya manyan kamfen ɗin sa hannu a Grand Park na Yara a kan Maris 6, 2011 da kuma a Seoul Plaza a kan Mayu 6–7, 2011. [16] Ƙoƙarin irin waɗannan abubuwan ya ƙare a cikin samun sama da sa hannun 90,000 daga mutanen Seoul waɗanda ke amincewa da Dokar da kariyar ta ga ɗaliban LGBT. [17] Kamar yadda dokar ta sami karuwar tallafin jama'a, ƙungiyoyin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ne suka yi niyya ga kariyar daliban LGBT. Domin tabbatar da shigar da kariyar LGBT a cikin dokar, ƙungiyoyin LGBT da yawa da suka haɗa da Chingusai da Hadin kai don Haƙƙin LGBT na Koriya sun haɗa kai don gudanar da tarurrukan gaggawa guda uku a ranar 14 ga Satumba, Satumba 22 da Oktoba 4, 2011. [18] Tare, ƙungiyoyin LGBT sun shirya shirye-shiryen kafofin watsa labarun, sun yi magana a taron jama'a kamar taron ma'aikata na 2011, da kuma shirya zanga-zangar. [19]
Aiwatar da Dokar
gyara sasheYawancin lokuta da aka aiwatar da dokar an kiyaye su a cikin tsarin ilimi. A Seoul, Ofishin Ilimi ya binciki wata malamar da'a a makarantar sakandire saboda kalamanta na tsana ga masu luwadi. Daliban sun kai karar malaminsu ga wata kafar yanar gizo don neman koke mai suna Sinmungo. Masu ba da labarin sun yi ikirarin cewa malamin ya ce, “Ludi da madigo babban laifi ne kuma kazanta. a hada masu luwadi wuri guda a kona su”. A ƙarƙashin Dokar Haƙƙin ɗalibai, ba za a iya nuna wa wasu tsiraru ba. Masu Luwadi suma sun fada cikin ‘yan tsiraru kuma aka binciki malamin.
Wani lamarin kuma da aka aiwatar da Dokar 'Yancin Dalibai ita ce a shekara ta 2016, lokacin da aka kori wani malami a wata jami'a mai zaman kanta a Seoul saboda kalaman nuna kiyayya. An dauki malamin don koyar da fasaha masu sassaucin ra'ayi amma a maimakon haka ta yi amfani da dandalinta don inganta halin ƙiyayya ga luwadi. A lokacin ajin ta bayyana luwadi a matsayin cuta kuma ta yi ikirarin cewa duk masu luwadi suna dauke da cutar kanjamau. Ta matsawa dalibanta su kammala aikin da ya tilasta musu yarda da ra'ayinta, wanda a karshe ya sa dalibai suka shirya tare da yin zanga-zangar neman a kore ta. Daga nan aka kore ta daga mukaminta. Jami'ar ta sanya ya zama wajibi biyo bayan wannan lamari ga malaman da su guji yin kalaman kiyayya.
Ci gaban Dalibai marasa rinjaye a Babban Ilimi
gyara sasheDokar Haƙƙin Ɗalibai ta zama ƙofa zuwa Jagororin Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Jami'ar Seoul. Muhimmancin jin muryoyin dalibai yana samuwa ne wajen samar da majalisa mai yaki da wariya irin wannan. A ranar 7 ga Satumba, 2016 an ƙara jagororin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na Jami'ar Seoul a yayin wani taro da aka kada kuri'a gaba ɗaya don zartar da dokar da ta hana mutane nuna wariya ga tsirarun jima'i. Hakan ya fuskanci koma baya daga kungiyoyin addini kamar kungiyar malaman addinin kirista na jami'ar Seoul da kungiyar tsofaffin daliban kirista. Ba tare da la'akari da koma baya ba, 'yan tsirarun jima'i za a kiyaye su a ƙarƙashin sabbin jagororin da aka zartar.
Haka kuma an samu karuwar zaben daliban da suka fito a matsayin 'yan luwadi don yin aikin kansila a majalisun jami'o'i. Misali ɗaya na ɗan luwadi da aka zaɓa don yin hidima a majalisar jami’a shine Bo-mi—wanda aka zaɓa ya zama shugaban majalisar ɗaliban jami’ar Seoul.
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ "South Korean activists win rights in Seoul for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered students, 2011-2012 | Global Nonviolent Action Database". nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu. Retrieved 2019-06-28.
- ↑ "Seoul gov't proclaims controversial student rights ordinance". koreatimes (in Turanci). 2012-01-26. Retrieved 2019-05-07.
- ↑ "Seoul gov't proclaims controversial student rights ordinance". koreatimes (in Turanci). 2012-01-26. Retrieved 2019-05-07.
- ↑ "자치법규 팝업". law.go.kr. Retrieved 2019-06-28.
- ↑ "자치법규 팝업". law.go.kr. Retrieved 2019-06-28.
- ↑ "South Korean activists win rights in Seoul for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered students, 2011-2012 | Global Nonviolent Action Database". nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu. Retrieved 2019-06-28.
- ↑ "자치법규 팝업". law.go.kr. Retrieved 2019-06-28.
- ↑ "자치법규 팝업". law.go.kr. Retrieved 2019-06-28.
- ↑ Bizwire, Korea. "Seoul's Reformed Student Rights Ordinance to Crack Down on Hate Speech". Be Korea-savvy (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-06-28.
- ↑ “It amounts to ‘human rights populism” that neglects duty and responsibility in the name of protecting human rights.”
- ↑ "South Korean activists win rights in Seoul for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered students, 2011-2012 | Global Nonviolent Action Database". nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu. Retrieved 2019-06-28.
- ↑ Bizwire, Korea. "Seoul's Reformed Student Rights Ordinance to Crack Down on Hate Speech". Be Korea-savvy (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-06-28.
- ↑ "서울특별시교육청 학생인권교육센터". studentrights.sen.go.kr (in Harshen Koreya). Retrieved 2018-03-13.
- ↑ "Seoul requests to scrap students' rights ordinance". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
- ↑ "Seoul Council passes student rights ordinance". Koreaherald.com. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
- ↑ "History". Chingusai.net. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
- ↑ "Seoul Council passes student rights ordinance". Koreaherald.com. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
- ↑ "History". Chingusai.net. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
- ↑ "History". lgbtpride.or.kr/. Retrieved 2018-03-10.