Didier Ratsiraka

Didier Ignace Ratsiraka (Malagasy: [raˈtsirəkə̥]; 4 Nuwamba 1936 - 28 Maris 2021) ɗan siyasan Malagasy ne kuma jami'in sojan ruwa wanda shine shugaban Madagascar na uku daga 1975 zuwa 1993 kuma na biyar daga 1997 zuwa 2002 kamin mutuwarsa. , shi ne shugaban kasar Madagascar da ya fi dadewa kan karagar mulki.

A shekarar 1975 ne shugabannin sojoji suka nada shi shugaban kasa, sannan aka sake zabe shi har sau biyu a 1982 da 1989. Yayin da ya sha kaye a hannun Albert Zafy a 1992, Ratsiraka ya koma ofis bayan ya ci zaben 1997. Bayan zaben 2001, shi da abokin hamayyarsa Marc Ravalomanana sun shiga tsaka mai wuya bayan da ya ki shiga zaben fidda gwani; Daga karshe Ratsiraka ya sauka.

An haifi Didier Ratsiraka a Vatomandry, yankin Atsinana, Madagascar na Faransa, a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 1936. [2] Mahaifinsa, Albert Ratsiraka, ya kasance memba na Parti des désérités de Madagascar a gundumar Moramanga kuma jami'in Malagasy a cikin mulkin mallaka na Faransa.

Jamhuriya ta biyu

Da farko Ratsiraka ya yi aiki a matsayin hadimin soja a ofishin jakadancin Madagascar da ke Paris, kafin a nada shi a matsayin ministan harkokin waje tare da gwamnatin rikon kwarya ta Shugaba Gabriel Ramanantsoa daga 1972 har zuwa 1975.. A matsayinsa na ministan harkokin waje, Ratsiraka ya sake tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyoyin hadin gwiwa na Franco-Malagasy, wanda aka sanya hannu tun a shekarar 1960.[2] Ya kuma lura da ficewar Madagascar daga yankin CFA franc a 1972.[2] An san shi da "Red Admiral", ya kasance.

Zabe na 1990 da shugaban kasa na biyu

Ratsiraka ya tsaya takara a zaben shugaban kasa na jam’iyyu da yawa a watan Nuwamba 1992, inda ya zo na biyu bayan Zafy a zagayen farko. A zagaye na biyu, wanda aka gudanar a watan Fabrairun 1993, Ratsiraka ya sha kaye a hannun Zafy, inda ya samu kusan kashi daya bisa uku na kuri’un, [10] ya bar ofis a ranar 27 ga Maris.[5]. Majalisar Madagaska ta kasa ta tsige Zafy a cikin 1996, [5] [11] da Ratsiraka, wanda ya kasance gudun hijira a Faransa, [11] [12] ya sami koma baya ta siyasa a ƙarshen 1996 lokacin da ya ci zaben shugaban kasa na wannan shekarar. takara a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar AREMA. Ya zo a matsayi na farko a zagaye na farko da kashi 36.6% na kuri'un,[10] [12] a gaban manyan abokan hamayyarsa uku: Zafy, Herizo Razafimahaleo, da Firayim Minista / Mukaddashin Shugaban kasa Norbert Ratsirahonana.[5][10] Da kyar ya doke Zafy a zagaye na biyu da kashi 50.7%[10][11] sannan ya sake karbar ragamar mulki a ranar 9 ga Fabrairun 1997.[13].

zaben 2001

Ratsiraka ya sanar a ranar 26 ga watan Yunin 2001 cewa zai zama dan takara a zaben shugaban kasa da za a gudanar a watan Disamba na wannan shekarar.[15] A zaben, ya zo na biyu; A cewar gwamnati, Marc Ravalomanana ne ya lashe matsayi na daya da kashi 46% na kuri'un da aka kada, yayin da Ratsiraka ya samu kashi 40%. Domin a cewar sakamakon zaben, babu wani dan takara da ya samu rinjaye, za a yi zaben fidda gwani, amma saboda takaddamar zaben ba a taba yi ba. Ravalomanana ya yi ikirarin lashe sama da kashi 50 cikin 100 na kuri'un da aka kada, wanda ya isa ya lashe zaben shugaban kasa a zagaye guda. Magoya bayansa ne suka rantsar da Ravalomanana a matsayin shugaban kasa a ranar 22 ga Fabrairun 2002, kuma gwamnatocin biyu sun yi yakin neman mulkin kasar. A karshen watan Fabrairun 2002, Ravalomanana yana da iko a babban birnin kasar, wanda ya kasance tushensa a koyaushe, amma Ratsiraka ya kasance mai kula da lardunan kuma ya kafa kansa a Toamasina, tushen tallafinsa na farko. Duk da haka, a cikin 'yan watanni Ravalomanana ya sami rinjaye a gwagwarmaya. A tsakiyar watan Yuni Ratsiraka ya tafi Faransa, lamarin da ya sa mutane da yawa suka yi imanin cewa ya gudu zuwa gudun hijira tare da rage kwarin gwiwar magoya bayansa, ko da yake Ratsiraka ya ce zai dawo.[15][16] Ya koma Madagascar bayan fiye da mako guda, [17] amma matsayinsa yana ci gaba da raunana karfin soja[15]. A ranar 5 ga Yuli, Ratsiraka ya gudu daga Toamasina, ya ɗauki jirgi zuwa Seychelles na kusa.[18] Bayan kwana biyu ya isa kasar Faransa[19].

A cikin gudun hijira

A ranar 6 ga Agusta, 2003, Ratsiraka — wanda aka zarge shi da satar kusan dala miliyan takwas na kudaden jama’a daga hannun babban bankin kasa a Toamasina a cikin watan Yunin 2002, kafin ya tafi gudun hijira—an yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru goma na aiki tukuru a Madagascar. 20] Saboda yana zaune a Faransa, an gwada shi ba ya nan.[21][22][23] Lauyan da kotu ta nada wa Ratsiraka ya amince da hukuncin da aka yanke a matsayin “adalci” kuma ya ce ba zai daukaka kara ba[23].

Dawo daga gudun hijira da mutuwa

Ratsiraka ya dawo daga gudun hijira a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba, 2011, matakin da gwamnatin Rajoelina da kuma tsoffin shugabannin kasa (da tsoffin 'yan adawa) Ravalomanana da Zafy suka yi maraba da shi.[31] Ratsiraka ya yi kira da a warware rikicin siyasa ta hanyar tattaunawa kai tsaye tsakanin dukkan shugabannin siyasa hudu, tattaunawar da ya kamata kuma ta hada da sauran jam’iyyu da kungiyoyin fararen hula a cewarsa[32]