Ciwon filin fitsari
Ciwon filin fitsari (UTI) cuta ce da ta shafi wani yanki na filin fitsari.[1] Lokacin da ya shafi ƙananan urinary fili ana kiransa ciwon mafitsara (cystitis) kuma idan ya shafi mafitsara na sama an san shi da ciwon koda (pyelonephritis).[2] Alamomin kamuwa da ciwon yoyon fitsari na ƙasa sun haɗa da jin zafi tare da fitsari, yawan fitsari akai-akai, da jin buƙatun fitsari duk da babu komai a cikin mafitsara.[1] Alamomin kamuwa da koda sun haɗa da zazzabi da ciwon gabobi yawanci baya ga alamun ƙananan UTI.[3] Da wuya fitsari na iya fitowa da jini.[4] A cikin manya da kanana, alamun bayyanar cututtuka na iya zama mara kyau ko kuma ba takamaiman ba.[1][5]
Mafi yawan sanadin kamuwa da cuta shine Escherichia coli, kodayake wasu kwayoyin cuta ko fungi na iya zama sanadin wani lokaci.[6] Abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa da jikin mace, jima'i, ciwon sukari, kiba, da tarihin iyali.[6] Kodayake jima'i abu ne mai haɗari, UTIs ba a rarraba su azaman cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i (STIs).[7] Ciwon koda, idan ya faru, yawanci yakan biyo bayan kamuwa da cutar mafitsara amma kuma yana iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar jini.[8] Ganewa a cikin matasa masu lafiya mata na iya dogara ne akan alamun cutar kadai.[9] A cikin waɗanda ke da alamun bayyanar cututtuka, ganewar asali na iya zama da wahala saboda ƙwayoyin cuta na iya kasancewa ba tare da kamuwa da cuta ba.[10] A lokuta masu rikitarwa ko kuma idan magani ya gaza, al'adar fitsari na iya zama da amfani.[11]
A cikin lokuta marasa rikitarwa, ana bi da UTI tare da ɗan gajeren hanya na maganin rigakafi kamar nitrofurantoin ko trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.[4] Juriya ga yawancin maganin rigakafi da ake amfani da su don magance wannan yanayin yana ƙaruwa.[1] A lokuta masu rikitarwa, ana iya buƙatar dogon hanya ko maganin rigakafi na cikin jijiya.[4] Idan alamun ba su inganta cikin kwanaki biyu ko uku ba, ana iya buƙatar ƙarin gwajin gano cutar.[11] Phenazopyridine na iya taimakawa tare da bayyanar cututtuka.[1] A cikin wadanda ke da kwayoyin cuta ko fararen jini a cikin fitsari amma ba su da alamun cutar,[12] ba a buƙatar maganin rigakafi gaba ɗaya, kodayake lokacin ciki ya bambanta.[13] A cikin masu kamuwa da cututtuka akai-akai, ana iya ɗaukar ɗan gajeren hanya na maganin rigakafi da zarar an fara bayyanar cututtuka ko kuma ana iya amfani da maganin rigakafi na dogon lokaci a matsayin ma'auni na rigakafi.[14]
Kimanin mutane miliyan 150 suna kamuwa da cutar yoyon fitsari a cikin shekara guda.[6] Sun fi yawa a cikin mata fiye da maza.[4] A cikin mata, sune mafi yawan nau'in kamuwa da kwayoyin cuta.[15] Kimanin kashi 10% na mata suna kamuwa da cutar yoyon fitsari a cikin shekara guda, kuma rabin mata suna da aƙalla kamuwa da cuta guda ɗaya a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu.[9][4] Suna faruwa akai-akai tsakanin shekaru 16 zuwa 35 shekaru.[4] Maimaituwa ya zama ruwan dare.[4] An yi bayanin cututtukan ƙwayar cuta tun zamanin da tare da bayanin farko da aka rubuta a cikin Ebers Papyrus mai kwanan wata zuwa c. 1550 BC.[16]
Manazarta gyara sashe
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Urinary Tract Infection". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 17 April 2015. Archived from the original on 22 February 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
- ↑ Lane, DR; Takhar, SS (August 2011). "Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 29 (3): 539–52. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2011.04.001. PMID 21782073.
- ↑ Lane, DR; Takhar, SS (August 2011). "Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 29 (3): 539–52. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2011.04.001. PMID 21782073.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Salvatore S, Salvatore S, Cattoni E, Siesto G, Serati M, Sorice P, Torella M (June 2011). "Urinary tract infections in women". European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 156 (2): 131–6. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.01.028. PMID 21349630.
- ↑ Woodford, HJ; George, J (February 2011). "Diagnosis and management of urinary infections in older people". Clinical Medicine. 11 (1): 80–3. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.11-1-80. PMC 5873814. PMID 21404794.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Flores-Mireles, AL; Walker, JN; Caparon, M; Hultgren, SJ (May 2015). "Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 13 (5): 269–84. doi:10.1038/nrmicro3432. PMC 4457377. PMID 25853778.
- ↑ Study Guide for Pathophysiology (5 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. 2013. p. 272. ISBN 9780323293181. Archived from the original on 2016-02-16.
- ↑ Introduction to Medical-Surgical Nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2015. p. 909. ISBN 9781455776412.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Nicolle LE (2008). "Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adults including uncomplicated pyelonephritis". Urol Clin North Am. 35 (1): 1–12, v. doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2007.09.004. PMID 18061019.
- ↑ Jarvis, William R. (2007). Bennett & Brachman's hospital infections (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 474. ISBN 9780781763837. Archived from the original on 2016-02-16.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Colgan R, Williams M, Johnson JR (2011-09-01). "Diagnosis and treatment of acute pyelonephritis in women". American Family Physician. 84 (5): 519–26. PMID 21888302.
- ↑ Ferroni, M; Taylor, AK (November 2015). "Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Noncatheterized Adults". The Urologic Clinics of North America. 42 (4): 537–45. doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2015.07.003. PMID 26475950.
- ↑ Glaser, AP; Schaeffer, AJ (November 2015). "Urinary Tract Infection and Bacteriuria in Pregnancy". The Urologic Clinics of North America. 42 (4): 547–60. doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2015.05.004. PMID 26475951.
- ↑ "Recurrent uncomplicated cystitis in women: allowing patients to self-initiate antibiotic therapy". Rev Prescire. 23 (146): 47–9. November 2013. PMID 24669389.
- ↑ Colgan, R; Williams, M (2011-10-01). "Diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis". American Family Physician. 84 (7): 771–6. PMID 22010614.
- ↑ Al-Achi, Antoine (2008). An introduction to botanical medicines : history, science, uses, and dangers. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-313-35009-2. Archived from the original on 2016-05-28.