Cerrado languages
cerrrado Harsunan Cerrado (wanda kuma ake kira Amazonian Jê [1]::549) reshe ne na yarukan Jê wanda harsunan Goyaz Jê da Aku__tir____tir____tir__ (Central Jê) suka kafa. :14–5
Canjin sauti daga Proto-Jê zuwa Proto-Cerrado
gyara sashe*/g/aj" suka faru na */'*/g/õ'/ a cikin Proto-Cerrado (kamar yadda a cikin */g /õt 'don barci", */g:õ 'don bayarwa", */ g/aj" 'ku") an yi imanin cewa sabon abu ne; an yi iƙirarin cewa an saka shi a cikin sassan da aka jaddada ba tare da farawa ba.:85
*O yi imanin cewa Proto-Cerrado diphthongs *wa da *ja suna ci gaba da Proto-Jê monophthongs, waɗanda aka sake gina su a matsayin *ô da *ê2. Sauran wasula waɗanda aka yi iƙirarin sun kirkiro a cikin Proto-Cerrado sune: ::88
- *O*ô (ya koma ga wasula mara zagaye, wanda aka sake gina shi a matsayin Proto-Jê *ə̂1);
- *u' (haɗuwa da *u1 da *u2 na baya, wanda aka rarrabe a cikin yarukan Kudancin Jê kamar o da u, bi da bi);
- *I2*I1*ũ (haɗuwa *uwa *ũ1 da *ũ2 na baya, wanda aka rarrabe shi azaman ũ da ỹ A cikin suKaingang da kuma ũ da õ a cikin Laklan égy);
- '*ə̃' (haɗuwa da *ə̃ da *ỹ na baya, wanda aka rarrabe a matsayin ỹ da ĩ a cikin Kaingang da kuma a matsayin õ da ẽ a cikin Laklan égy);
- duk wasula a cikin Proto-Jê da ba a matsa lamba ba na siffar *pV- an hana su a cikin yarukan Cerrado: Proto-Cerrado *pə- (> Proto-Goyaz Jê *py-/*pu-, Proto-Akuwẽ *pi-).
Canjin sauti daga Proto-Cerrado zuwa yarukan 'yar
gyara sasheHaske
gyara sasheAbubuwan [2] suka fara farawa na Proto-Cerrado sune */p m w t n ɾ c ɲ j k ŋ g/, kuma kawai abubuwan da suka fara sune */ pɾ mɾ kɾ ŋ/ .:158–63
nuna halayensu a cikin rassan 'yar a ƙasa.
| Farko-Kare | Proto-Goyaz Jê | Kayan aiki na asali | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ƙwayoyin baki | ƙwayoyin hanci | ƙwayoyin baki | ƙwayoyin hanci | ƙirar baki (Proto-Cerradonon-high vowel) |
ƙirar baki (Proto-Cerradohigh vowel) |
kafin wani diphthong | ƙwayoyin hanci |
| *p */p/ | *p */p/ | *p */p/ | *b */b/ | N/A | *m */b/ | ||
| *mb */m/ | *m */m/ | *mb */m/ | *m */m/ | ||||
| *pr */pɾ/ | *pr */pɾ/ | *pr */pɾ/ | N/A | *mr */bɾ/ | |||
| *mbr */mɾ/ | *mr */mɾ/ | *mbr */mɾ/ | *mr */mɾ/ | N/A | |||
| *w */w/ | *b */b/ | *w */w/ | |||||
| *t */t/ | *t */t/ | *t */t/ | *d */d/ | *Inda wannan ya faru | *n */d/ | ||
| *nd */n/ | *n */n/ | *nd */n/ | *n */n/ | N/A | |||
| *r */ɾ/ | *r */ɾ/ | *r */ɾ/ | *Inda wannan ya faru | *r */ɾ/ | |||
| *c */c/ | *c */c/ | *c */c/ | *ĵ */ɟ/, *h */h/ (kafin *i) | *Inda wannan ya faru | *c */c/ | ||
| *nĵ */ɲ/ | N/A | *nĵ */ɲ/ | N/A | N/A | |||
| *j */j/ | *ñ */j/ | *ĵ (mai matsa lamba) /*j (marasa damuwa) */ĵ/ | *ñ */ĵ/ | *ĵ */ĵ/, *c */c/ (kafin *i) | *k */k/ | *ñ */ĵ/ | |
| *k */k/ | *k */k/ | *k */k/ (ba a damu da shi ba *ka- > *wa-) |
*h */h/ | *Inda wannan ya faru | *k */k/ | ||
| *ŋg */ŋ/ | *ŋ */ŋ/ | *ŋg */ŋ/ | *ŋ */ŋ/ | N/A | |||
| *kr */kɾ/ | *kr */kɾ/ | *kr */kɾ/ | *kr */kɾ/ | ||||
| *ŋgr */ŋɾ/ | *ŋr */ŋɾ/ | *ŋgr */ŋɾ/ | *ŋr */ŋɾ/ | N/A | |||
| *g */g/ | *g */g/ | *ŋ */g/ | *g */g/ | N/A | |||