COVID-19 Kula
COVID-19 kula shafi idanu da baza na coronavirus cuta domin tsayar da alamu na cuta ci gaban. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ba da shawarar sanya ido sosai, tare da mai da hankali kan gano harka, gwaji da tuntuɓar juna a duk yanayin watsawa.[1] Ana sa ran sa ido kan COVID-19 don sa ido kan abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin annoba, gano sabbin maganganu cikin sauri, kuma bisa ga wannan bayanin, samar da bayanan cututtukan cuta don gudanar da kimanta haɗari da jagorar shirye-shiryen cutar.[1]
 COVID-19 Kula | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
epidemiological surveillance (en)  |
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Kulawar cutar sankara
gyara sasheAna yin sa ido kan cutar sankara bisa alamun mutumin da ya yi daidai da COVID-19. Tun daga Maris 2020, WHO ta ba da shawarar fayyace ma'anoni masu zuwa:[1]
- Shari'ar da ake zargin : "marar lafiya da ke fama da matsanancin rashin lafiya na numfashi (zazzabi da aƙalla alama ɗaya / alamar cututtukan numfashi, misali tari, gajeriyar numfashi), da tarihin balaguro zuwa ko zama a wurin da ke ba da rahoton watsawar al'umma na COVID-19 a cikin kwanaki 14 kafin bayyanar cututtuka" KO "majiyyaci da kowane irin rashin lafiya na numfashi kuma ya kasance yana hulɗa da wani tabbataccen ko mai yiwuwa COVID-19 a cikin kwanaki 14 da suka gabata kafin bayyanar alamar" KO "majiyyaci mai tsananin numfashi rashin lafiya (zazzabi da aƙalla alamar / alamar cututtuka na numfashi, misali tari, rashin ƙarfi na numfashi; da kuma buƙatar asibiti) da kuma idan babu wani madadin ganewar asali wanda ya bayyana cikakken bayanin asibiti."
- Shari'ar mai yiwuwa : "wanda ake tuhuma wanda gwajin cutar ta COVID-19 bai cika ba" KO "wanda ake tuhuma wanda ba za a iya yin gwajinsa ba saboda kowane dalili"
- Tabbatar da shari'ar : "mutumin da ke da tabbacin gwajin cutar COVID-19, ba tare da la'akari da alamun asibiti ba"
- Tuntuɓi : "mutumin da ya ɗanɗana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke biyo baya yayin 2 kwanaki kafin da kuma 14 kwanaki bayan bayyanar bayyanar cututtuka mai yiwuwa ko tabbatarwa
- fuska da fuska tare da mai yuwuwa ko tabbataccen shari'a a cikin 1 mita kuma fiye da 15 mintuna
- tuntuɓar jiki kai tsaye tare da wani lamari mai yiwuwa ko tabbatacce
- kulawa kai tsaye ga majiyyaci mai yuwuwa ko tabbatar da cutar COVID-19 ba tare da amfani da kayan kariya na sirri da suka dace ba
- sauran yanayi kamar yadda kima na hadarin gida ya nuna"
WHO ta ba da shawarar bayar da rahoton yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar COVID-19 a cikin sa'o'i 48 na ganewa. Ya kamata kasashe su bayar da rahoto bisa ga shari'a gwargwadon iko amma, idan aka iyakance albarkatun, jimillar rahoton mako-mako yana yiwuwa.[2] Wasu kungiyoyi sun ƙirƙiri cunkoson aikace-aikacen don sa ido kan cutar sankara, inda mutane za su iya ba da rahoton alamun su don taimakawa masu bincike taswira wuraren da ke tattare da alamun COVID-19.[3]
Cibiyar Nazarin Shaidar Shaidar (CEBM) ta kwatanta ma'anar shari'ar daga WHO, Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka ta Tarayyar Turai (ECDC), Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka ta Amurka (CDC), China, Lafiyar Jama'a Ingila, da Italiya, kuma ta gano cewa yayin da Ma'anar lamuran da ake zargi sun dogara da ka'idodin asibiti, waɗanda gabaɗaya ana maye gurbinsu da sakamakon gwajin PCR guda ɗaya idan aka zo ga tabbatar da ganewar asali, kuma "babu wata jagora da ke ba da cikakkun bayanai kan takamaiman jerin RNA da ake buƙata ta gwaji, kofa don gwajin. sakamakon da kuma bukatar gwajin tabbatarwa." Sun lura cewa a halin yanzu "duk mutumin da ya cika ka'idojin dakin gwaje-gwaje tabbatacce ne" ko da yake a cikin Gabatarwa na CDC zuwa Epidemiology, ma'anar shari'ar ya kamata ya zama "sau'i na ma'auni don rarraba ko mutum yana da wata cuta, ciwo, ko wasu kiwon lafiya. hali". Suna buƙatar ƙididdige ƙimar gwajin PCR sun haɗa da "daidaitaccen matakin gano kofa, kuma aƙalla, rikodin kasancewar ko rashin alamun."[4]
Virological kula
gyara sasheAna yin sa ido kan ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar amfani da gwajin ƙwayoyin cuta don COVID-19.[4] WHO ta wallafa albarkatu don dakunan gwaje-gwaje kan yadda ake yin gwaji don COVID-19.[4] A cikin Tarayyar Turai, dakin gwaje-gwajen da aka tabbatar sun sami rahoton COVID-19 a cikin sa'o'i 24 na ganewa.[5] Kasashe da yawa suna gudanar da aikin sa ido akan ruwan sha don gwada wanzuwa ko yaɗuwar COVID-19 a cikin jama'ar da ke zaune a cikin magudanar ruwa.[6]
Sa ido na dijital
gyara sasheAƙalla ƙasashe 24 sun kafa sa ido na dijital na ƴan ƙasarsu.[7] Fasahar sa ido na dijital sun haɗa da aikace-aikacen COVID-19, bayanan wuri da alamun lantarki.[7] Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka a Amurka na bin diddigin bayanan balaguro na mutane masu amfani da bayanan fasinja na jirgin sama. [8][9]
Hannun hannu na bin diddigi na iya ɗaukar wurin aikace-aikacen wayar hannu don masu amfani waɗanda ko dai ba su mallaki wayar hannu ba, ko kuma waɗanda suka mallaki wayar da ba ta iya tallafawa ayyukan Bluetooth Low Energy . A Burtaniya, kamar na 2020 sama da kashi goma na wayoyin hannu ba su da wannan aikin. Bugu da kari, a Koriya ta Kudu, ana ba wa mutanen da aka gano suna karya keɓe keɓe masu bin diddigin saƙon hannu da aka tsara don faɗakar da hukumomi idan an cire ƙungiyar.[10] Aƙalla hukuma ɗaya a Amurka ta yi amfani da fasahar munduwa ta idon sawu don aiwatar da keɓancewar ga marasa lafiya da aka samu da keta.[11]
A Hong Kong, hukumomi suna buƙatar abin hannu da app ga duk matafiya. Ana amfani da app na GPS don bin diddigin wuraren mutane a Koriya ta Kudu don tabbatar da hana keɓe keɓe, aika faɗakarwa ga mai amfani da hukumomi idan mutane suka bar wuraren da aka keɓe.[12][13] A Singapore, dole ne mutane su ba da rahoton wuraren da suke tare da shaidar hoto. Thailand tana amfani da app da katunan SIM don duk matafiya don tilasta keɓe su.[7] Indiya na shirin kera makada masu kula da wuri da zafin jiki.[10] Ma'aikatar tsaron cikin gida ta Isra'ila, Shin Bet, ta riga ta bin diddigin duk metadata na kiran wayar Isra'ila shekaru da yawa kafin barkewar cutar, kuma a cikin Maris 2020 an ba da umarnin ta hanyar dokar gaggawa don bin diddigin da sanar da mutanen da suka kamu da cutar. An maye gurbin dokar da doka a watan Yuni 2020. Daga watan Yuni zuwa Disamba 2020, an ba da rahoton cewa mutane 950,000 ne aka ba da tuta don keɓe ta hanyar sa ido, waɗanda 46,000 suka kamu da cutar.[14]
Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun soki wasu daga cikin wadannan matakan, suna neman gwamnatoci da kar su yi amfani da cutar a matsayin abin fakewa don gabatar da sa ido na dijital.[15][16]
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Global surveillance for COVID-19 caused by human infection with COVID-19 virus" (PDF). World Health Organization. WHO. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ↑ "Surveillance, rapid response teams, and case investigation". www.who.int (in Turanci). Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ↑ "Limited testing poses challenges to mapping COVID-19 spread". Modern Healthcare (in Turanci). 30 March 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Spencer, Elizabeth; Jefferson, Tom; Brassey, Jon; Heneghan, Carl (2020-09-11). "When is Covid, Covid?". Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2021-06-18. Retrieved 2020-09-21.
- ↑ "Case definition and European surveillance for COVID-19, as of 2 March 2020". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (in Turanci). Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ↑ "Status of environmental surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 virus" (PDF). World Health Organisation. 5 August 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Tracking the Global Response to COVID-19 | Privacy International". privacyinternational.org. Privacy International. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ↑ Sloane, Mona; Cahn, Albert Fox (1 April 2020). "Today's COVID-19 Data Will be Tomorrow's Tools of Oppression". The Daily Beast (in Turanci). Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ↑ Mintz, Sam; Gurciullo, Brianna (3 March 2020). "CDC may lack contact information for some airline passengers possibly exposed to coronavirus". POLITICO.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "People-tracking wristbands put to the test". BBC News. 24 April 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
- ↑ Kachmar, Kala; Costello, Darcy. "Louisville is forcing unwilling coronavirus patients to self-isolate. Is it right?". The Courier-Journal (in Turanci). Retrieved 26 April 2020.
- ↑ "Phones Could Track the Spread of Covid-19. Is It a Good Idea?". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2020-04-06 – via www.wired.com.
- ↑ hermes (21 March 2020). "How China, South Korea and Taiwan are using tech to curb coronavirus outbreak". The Straits Times. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
- ↑ "Israel's Virus Surveillance Tool Tests Its Democratic Norms". Voice of America (in Turanci). 1 January 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
- ↑ "Governments Should Respect Rights in COVID-19 Surveillance". Human Rights Watch (in Turanci). 2 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ↑ "Digital surveillance to fight COVID-19 can only be justified if it respects human rights". www.amnesty.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2 April 2020.