Rafael Buenaventura
Rafael Carlos Baltazar Buenaventura an haifeshi Agusta 5, 1938 - Nuwamba 30, 2006 fitaccen ma'aikacin banki ne a Philippines wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Gwamna na biyu na Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas daga 1999 zuwa 2005; ya yi aiki a karkashin shugabannin biyu na Philippine a lokacin daya daga cikin sauyin siyasa mafi muni a tarihin kasar.
An san shi da tsananin 'yancin kai, Buenaventura an yi niyya sau da yawa don cire shi daga ofishin gwamnati a tsawon wa'adinsa na shekaru shida. Sai dai yadda ya yi wa masu zaginsa da magoya bayansa wayo ya ba shi damar aiwatar da muhimman sauye-sauye a siyasance a daidai lokacin da rigingimun siyasa ke kawo cikas ga ci gaban tattalin arzikin kasar. A karshen wa'adinsa na gwamnan babban bankin kasar, ya yi nasarar tafiyar da tsarin hada-hadar kudi kusa da matsayin duniya.
Ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 2006, yana da shekaru 68 bayan yaƙe-yaƙe da ciwon daji.
Tarihin Rayuwa gyara sashe
Iyali gyara sashe
Rafael Carlos "Paeng" Baltazar Buenaventura an haife shi ga dangi na tsakiya a San Fernando City, La Union, Philippines. Mahaifinsa, Antonio, shi ne ma'ajin yanki na lardin arewacin Luzon. Mahaifiyarsa, Consuelo, ta kasance magidanciya mai sadaukarwa wacce ita ma ta ci gaba da samun bankin karkara a Aringay.
Buenaventura yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan'uwa hudu. Babban ɗan'uwansa, Cesar A. Buenaventura, tsohon shugaba ne kuma Shugaba na Pilipinas Shell, kuma abokin tarayya ne a shawarwarin zuba jari da bankin kasuwanci, Buenaventura, Echauz da Associates. Wani ɗan'uwansa, Jose, lauya ne kuma babban abokin tarayya ne a Romulo Mabanta, Buenaventura, Sayoc da Ofishin Shari'a na Angeles, daya daga cikin fitattun kamfanonin lauyoyi a kasar. 'Yar'uwarsa tilo, Elisa P. Buenaventura ma'ajin ce kuma memba na hukumar Asian Social Institute a Manila. A cikin 1965, Buenaventura ya auri Fairley "Lee" Earl, marubuci Ba'amurke wanda ya sadu da shi a lokacin ɗalibansa a New York City. Suna da 'ya'ya uku (Paul, Deanna, da Melissa) kuma, a lokacin mutuwar Buenaventura, jikoki biyu. (Pablo da Carlos)
Ilimi gyara sashe
An haife shi kuma ya girma a matsayin Roman Catholic, Buenaventura ya yi karatu a Ateneo de Manila, inda ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare. A Ateneo ne Buenaventura ya gana kuma ya yi karatu tare da mutumin da zai zama shugaban kasar, Jose Marcelo Ejercito, wanda aka sani da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da ɗan siyasa, Joseph Estrada. Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare, Buenaventura ya kammala karatunsa a Kwalejin De La Salle (daga baya Jami'ar De La Salle-Manila), inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin kasuwanci. Ya ci gaba da karatun digiri na biyu a fannin harkokin kasuwanci a Stern School of Business na [[Jami'ar New York] da ke Amurka.]]
Sana'a gyara sashe
Buenaventura, wanda sau da yawa ya bayyana aikinsa na banki a matsayin "mai hankali", ya fara ne a matsayin mai binciken bashi yayin da yake babban shekararsa a kwaleji, a Bankin Tsaro. Bayan kammala karatun, Buenaventura ya sami matsayin kocin gudanarwa a ayyukan Citibank a Manila. Ya hau cikin sauri, yana rike da manyan mukamai da yawa a bankin, kuma daga karshe aka nada shi Shugaban Bankin Merchant a ayyukan Citibank na Singapore a 1972, gabanin ayyana martial law da marigayi. mai mulkin kama karya Ferdinand Marcos.
A shekara ta 1974, an nada Buenaventura Babban Babban Bankin Citibank a [Indonesia]. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, a cikin 1976, an sanya shi jagorantar ayyukan bankin Malaysian, kuma a matsayin Babban Darakta. Zai rike wannan mukamin har zuwa 1979, a lokacin ne aka ba shi mukamin babban mataimakin shugaban kasa da ma'ajin yanki a Hong Kong. A can, cikin shekaru uku masu zuwa, ya gudanar da ayyukan baitulmalin Citibank a kasashe goma sha biyu. A cikin 1982, Buenaventura ya koma gida ya zama Babban Jami'in zartarwa na Filipino na farko na Citibank Philippines, matsayin da zai rike har zuwa karshen wa'adinsa a 1985. A matsayinsa na Babban Jami'in Citibank Philippines, Buenaventura ya fara sa hannun sa na farko a cikin shirin tattalin arziki. A farkon shekarun 1980, Philippines ta fada cikin rikicin bashi, kuma cikin gaggawa ta bukaci a sake fasalin nauyi mai nauyi. Memba na kwamitin masu zaman kansu da na gwamnati waɗanda aka dora wa alhakin yin shawarwarin sake fasalin, Buenaventura ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen warware rikicin.[1]
Bayan zamansa a matsayin shugaban Citibank a Philippines, Buenaventura na gaba ya zama Babban Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa da Babban Darakta na Kudancin Turai, mai alhakin Italiya, Spain, Portugal, Girka, da Turkiyya (1985-1989).
Daga nan ne John Gokongwei, shugaban babban babban kamfani na Philippine JG Summit Holdings ya buge Buenaventura, don ya jagoranci Philippine Commercial International Bank (PCIB). Buenaventura ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban PCIB da babban jami'in gudanarwa na tsawon shekaru goma; a wannan lokacin ya kuma zama shugaban kungiyar masu banki na Philippines (1994-1997) da kuma shugaban majalisar bankin ASEAN (1996-1997).